A Befriended Brother in Mansfield Park by Jane Austen

William Price is well regarded in â€Å"Mansfield Park† by Jane Austen. He is the brother of Fanny Price, whom is the main character of the novel. Fanny is taken in by her uncle, Sir Thomas Bertram and leaves her biological family, which is both unfortunate as well as fortunate for Fanny. By living with the Bertrams, she is allowed a better education and to be raised in a higher form of etiquette due to the fact that her family did not have as much money as the Bertrams did. The ill-fated part of her story is that she must leave her brother, William who, in the result, gains access into the navy because of his connections with Fanny’s adopted family. Jane Austen writes a novel that both pushes at the romantic standards that women had to obey to while also focusing on a great deal of love within the family. The love that Fanny has for her brother right until the end of the novel is striking and heart-warming. William is the older brother that every little sister wants to look up to, he is not only an idol to Fanny but a role model to the readers of the narrative. Austen creates characters to dislike and characters that convey emotion. Lady Bertram is one character of which the reader’s dislike does not stop for due to her mean attitude towards Fanny and the fact that she is almost constantly sitting on the couch with her pug, which she treats as if she loves more than her own children. Other characters, such as William, allow for the novel to not be one of complete hate amongstShow MoreRelated The Importance of Home and Family in Jane Austens Mansfield Park1450 Words   |  6 PagesThe Importance of Home and Family in Jane Austens Mansfield Park         They were a remarkably fine family...and all of them well-grown and forward of their age, which produced as striking a difference between the cousins in person, as education had given to their address. (Austen, 49)   Within the first few pages of Mansfield Park, Jane Austen implants in the minds of her readers the idea that contrasting and conflicting environments are the forces that will

Descartes Discourse on Method - 931 Words

Understanding Descartes Method of Doubt Clear your mind, if you will, of everything you have ever seen or known to be true. To begin understanding Rene Descartes method of doubt, you need to suspend all prejudice and prior judgments and start with a clean slate for the purpose of discovering some ultimate truth on which to base all thought. (Kolak, Pg.225). Discouraged with much skepticism from his own beliefs, Descartes was embarrassed of his own ignorance. He set out to try and accomplish the task of finding an absolute truth in which he would base his beliefs. Placing upon himself a task to find an axiom or absolute truth to base all thought, he ventured as a youth in travel to collect a variety in experiences to derive some†¦show more content†¦He basically states in his meditations that if there is a God, and he is perceived as good, why would he deceive our thoughts? This brings up the evil deceiver argument. If we can only know that our existence is real, who is to say that there is not an outside for ce that makes of the rest of our reality that we supposedly live? If our dreams are just distorted pieces of our reality and our reality is merely a show put on by the evil deceiver, we know for certain we cannot base our beliefs on what we see and the tools unto which we use to perceive it; i.e. extension, hands, and eyes. Conclusion Descartes makes it clear that we cannot be certain of anything. The method of doubt brings us to understand this better by giving a set of guidelines to follow to systematically understand and get closer to some kind of truth. By trying to find some truth to base all thoughts on, Descartes tried to find an absolute truth by coming to the realization that nothing he believed was of any truth. Although not finding much truth in his journeys, he found a systematic way to come closer to finding truth. Descartes was presented with a problem of not knowing anything, and by creating the method of doubt he came closer to finding the truth. Works Cited Page Durant, Will Ariel. (1961). The Story Of Civilization. The Age Of Reason Begins. New York: Simon Schuster. Weissman, David. (ED.). (1996). Rethinking The Western Tradition.Show MoreRelatedDiscourse on Descartes Skeptical Method1672 Words   |  7 PagesSebastian Gumina Paper Topic #1 Descartes’ Skeptical Method Descartes’ method offers definitive conclusions on certain topics, (his existence, the existence of God)but his reasoning is not without error. He uses three arguments to prove existence (His and God’s) that attempt to solidify his conclusions. 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He goes on to explainRead MoreDescartes Surprise Ending in Discourse on Method386 Words   |  2 PagesIn one of the most influential books in the history of Western philosophy, Rene Descartes outlines a method mental reasoning, which he applies to a wide variety of fields and intellectual endeavors. For the first few books of Discourse on the Method, Descartes outlines first how the method came about as he was a pupil at school and had the realization that he was not actually learning anything important. He was therefore motivated to discover what truly constituted learning, knowledge, and truthRead MoreMeditation and Discourse on the Method by Rene Descartes831 Words   |  3 Pagesphilosophers attempt to satisfy them, such as Renà © Descartes. Descartes was a modern philosopher and rationalist, or an advocate of â€Å"the view that through unaided reason we can come to know what the world is like† (792). Descartes attempts to seal conclusions on such questions by using his mathematical knowledge and relating them to philosophy. Traces of such views can be found in many famous works that include the Meditations and Discourse on the Method. Descartes was a firm believer in the view that knowledgeRead MoreAnalysis Of Rene Descartes Discourse On The Method Essay2190 Words   |  9 PagesRene Descartes’ â€Å"Discourse on the Method† focuses on distinguishing the human rationale, apart from animals and robots. Wherein, he does so by explaining how neither animals, nor machines possess the same mental faculties as humans. For Descartes distinguishes the human rationale apart from non-humans, even though he does agree the two closely resemble each other because of their sense organs, and physical functions (Descartes, pp22). Nevertheless, it is because the mechanical lacks a necessary aspectRead MoreEssay about Descartes discourse on method931 Words   |  4 Pages Understanding Descartes’ Method of Doubt Clear your mind, if you will, of everything you have ever seen or known to be true. To begin understanding Rene Descartes’ method of doubt, you need to suspend all prejudice and prior judgments and start with a clean slate â€Å"for the purpose of discovering some ultimate truth on which to base all thought.† (Kolak, Pg.225). Discouraged with much skepticism from his own beliefs, Descartes was embarrassed of his own ignorance. He set out to try and accomplishRead MoreAnalyzing the Surprise Ending in Descartes Discourse on the Method and the Meditations1051 Words   |  4 PagesSurprise Ending in Descartes In the book Discourses on the Method and the Meditations, author Rene Descartes famously questions the existence of humanity. His most famous quotation, the one for whom he is most remembered is I think therefore I am (Descartes 11). According to this idea, so long as a being has the ability to think then they existed. Animals have brains and therefore they must exist. In order to truly, exist, to be a thinking entity, a person or organism must utilize the abilityRead More The Folly of Renà © Descartes’ Discourse on Method and Meditations on First Philosophy1462 Words   |  6 PagesThe Folly of Renà © Descartes’ Discourse on Method and Meditations on First Philosophy In order to embark on his quest for truth, Descartes first devises his four rules which should serve as a solid foundation for all else that he comes to understand. Those rules are here evaluated in terms of what they fail to take into consideration. The rules are examined individually and consecutively, and are therefore also reiterated in order to be clear about them. Furthermore, the approach of usingRead MoreAnalysis Of Rene Descartes s Work Discourse On The Method Of A Machine1316 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout his work Discourse on the Method, Rene Descartes discusses the things he believes to be true concerning thought. He discusses the things which he believes to be more perfect and the things which he believes to be less perfect (pt 2, para 1). When comparing the two, he eventually comes to the conclusion that things that are more perfect are constructed by fewer hands and have specific purpose (pt 2, para 1). He also introduces in the opening portion of his work that h is opinion of goodRead MoreThe Projetion of the Perfection Paradox1176 Words   |  5 PagesThe Projection of the Perfection Paradox In Renà © Descartes’s Discourse on Method, â€Å"seeking the true method for arriving at knowledge† (p. 10) is the goal in which he states in the beginning of discourse. With that end in mind, by analyzing proofs that Descartes finds it can be seen if this was achieved. The proof that God exist is a defining moment in the discourse since God is continually referenced for origin of true knowledge. The reference to God does not only set the stage for further

Sustainability Transitions in Electricity Sector †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Sustainability Transitions in Electricity Sector. Answer: Introduction: Renewable advancements require higher beginning in investments in infrastructure than fossil based power frameworks. A move toward low carbon power sources appear to be a fundamental component of environmental change mitigation techniques. This essay examines the environmental, economic, social effects and resources needed for the wide scale and worldwide deployment of different low carbon electricity production advancements. The stakeholder involvement is progressively becoming a part of developing investment project in order to convey favorable project results. As each stakeholder in the energy power plants has their own interest in the project which cause distinctive needs, clashes and has raised the unpredictability of the project. The report also analyzes the environmental, social, and economic issues related to electricity and recommends solution for the given issues. The solutions are meant to improve on technology that will aid in making renewable electricity easy to generate and supplied to the consumers. According to Verbong Geels (2010), sustainability may be defined as addressing own requirements without bargaining the limit of future generations to providing food their own particular necessities. As such, sustainability is the examination of how typical systems function, remain different and make every one of that its necessities for nature steady and adjustable. It likewise perceives that human development takes assets to help the progression way of life. Over the past decades, since the beginning of electricity new ways have been developed to make sustainable power. Sustainable electricity is the type of energy that is consumed at ordinary rates without affecting the atmosphere and its consumers at all. Its consumption is at low levels contrasted with its supply and impacts (Maxim, 2014). The procurement of energy supplies for a broadening and the continuously profitable world is one of the biggest issues standing up against development in the c urrent time. According to Stamford Azapagic (2012), sustainable energy source takes a look at both the helpful and fiscal capacity of the renewable energy sources to cater for this test. The fundamental physical and technological standards behind getting power from the direct sun-powered, indirect sun-powered, and non-sun oriented energy sources are categorized within the setting of their ecological impacts, their budgetary issues, and their prospects. According to Schaltegger et al. (2012), sustainable electricity has various economic, social, and environmental issues but if well handled by the endeavors of government and society, it will automatically accomplish long-term sustainable objectives. Better advancement has made sustainable electricity simple to generate and be supplied to the consumers. Environmental problems may involve climate change, environmental degradation, pollution and so on. Energy is the biggest single supporter of worldwide outflows of greenhouse gases. The creation and utilization of energy accompany essential natural difficulties. The major environmental issues that affect the maintainable energy power sources incorporate land utility and living space misfortune, water utility, and the risky materials. The environmental issues associated with electricity is the habitual loss of land and water as land has become limited in many parts of the world (Johansson et al, 2012). Thus, the physical impression of new facilities and feedstocks for electrical production is an essential consideration. In addition, the amount of land utilized is measured for other influences of new advancement, involving effects on the environment, cultural and historical resources. When the effects on land utilization are measured just by the surface area they possess during their li fe cycle, some sustainable power innovations seem to have an overwhelming land-use requirement. According to Schaltegger et al. (2012), electricity generation using thermoelectric advancement need immense measures of water, basically for cooling. Water use by power plants is portrayed by withdrawals and consumption. Water returns can be huge sources of thermal pollution and might involve release of chemical pollutants, such as chlorine or other biocides used in cooling towers. Biomass control plants share a couple of likenesses with fossil fuels where power plants incorporate the ignition of a feedstock to deliver power. Along these lines, biomass plants raise similar, yet not different, worries about air surges and water use as non-renewable energy source plants (Crane Matten, 2016). The PV cell creating process consolidates various risky materials, an expansive bit of which is used to clean and decontaminate the semiconductor surface. These chemicals are similar to those utilized as a part of the general semiconductor industry. Similarly, fluoride in wastewater poses exceptional issues, due to excessive measure of fluoride in drinking water causing an assortment of diseases (Lior, 2010). Environmental solutions are solutions available for the above environmental issues in order to secure a sustainable future for electricity. The organization focused on using the solar power plants to reduce the air and water environmental issue. Energy is a bigger user of freshwater throughout the world as up to 4 percent of the freshwater in the world goes into the creation of energy in some form. According to Panwar et al. (2011), mission 2017 suggest that the development of a global organization committed to market countries' governments on which energy source is best for them in view of every nation's financial development, and accessible resources. The organization must use solar power plants as solar energy use more water than traditional power sources, it is not as water intensive as original bio-fuels. However, solar power does not contaminate the environment to such an extent because of the rise in solar panel usage. The water consumption of solar power could diminish by methods for a recently enhanced dry cooling system that decrease water consumption. Solar electricity production shows a perfect solution to electricity from non-renewable energy with no air and water pollution, no global warming contamination, and no danger to the individual health (Allcott, 2011). The remedy available for waste disposal is to use the Incineration method which is a common and well-known method for waste to energy production. Energy from waste offers recuperation of energy by the difference in no-recyclable materials through various methods including thermal and non-thermal technology. The energy that is created as power, warmth or fuel using start, pyrolization, gasification or anaerobic processing is a flawless and feasible power source, with lessened carbon discharges and insignificant natural impact than some other kind of vitality. A social issue is a problem that affects large number of the people within the society. The social issues in sustainable electricity may include issues like poverty, which create challenges for the organization to offer a sustainable future for electricity. Social issues may arise in the working environment of a customer or investee's operations and may also affect surrounding communities. According to Elder-Vass (2010), energy utility is firmly connected to a scope of social issues, including poverty mitigation, populace development, urbanization, lack of opportunities for women and these issues affect energy prerequisites. Poverty is the revoking social thought for creating countries. Income estimation alone, be that as it may, does not totally get the wretchedness and the nonappearance of choice that destitution appears. Energy utilization patterns of poor people are especially their reliance on customary powers in rustic regions and tend to keep them destroyed. Absence of power r egularly involves inadequate lighting up and few work sparing apparatuses, and in addition, obliged media interchanges and possible results for business endeavor. The other social issue is the limited income which may compel family units to use customary fuels and inefficient advancements. Despite the fact that population development tends to manufacture energy necessities, it is less extensively understood that the openness of adequate energy administrations can cut down birth rates (Wolsink, 2012). The creating centralization of people in urban focuses is another key measurement issue associated with energy. Despite the fact that, the general example towards urbanization has different components and may be unavoidable, giving more contrasting options to provincial inhabitants through vitality mediations. Social issues solutions: There are also measures which organization can adopt in order to overcome these social issues and securing a sustainable future for electricity. For the alleviating the poverty in developing countries, organizations enhance wellbeing and augmentation profitability by giving general access to satisfactory energy benefits that are particular to cooking, lighting, and transport through direct, high caliber, secure, and earth commendable energy transporters and end-utilize gear. Nations can also make business energy available to raise salary making openings. The second arrangement accessible for speeding the statistic change is lessened youth mortality by exhibiting cleaner fills and cooking gadgets and giving sheltered, consumable water. They utilize vitality exercises to move the relative focal points and costs and cost of ripeness, for example, acceptable energy administrations can diminish the necessity for youngsters' physical work for family errands. The as sociations impact states of mind about the family measure and open doors for ladies through correspondences made open through current vitality bearers. In order to mitigate the issues connected with fast urbanization, diminish the push factor in country urban development by upgrading the vitality benefits in provincial ranges. According to Bribin et al. (2011), it misuses the advantages of high-thickness settlements through land organizing, giving general access to sensible multi-particular transport administrations and public transportation, and takes the favored viewpoint of new progressions to avoid energy serious, ecologically unsound headway ways. Ultimately, to increase open doors for ladies, spur the use of upgraded stoves and liquid or vaporous invigorates to diminish indoor air sullying and improve ladies' wellbeing, bolster the use of direct business energy to confine arduous and tedious work at home and at work, and utilize ladies' regulatory and entrepreneurial aptitudes to make, run, and advantage from decentralized energy frameworks. Economic issues basically confront that an economys finite assets are not enough to fulfill all human wants and requirements. The implementation cost of setting up the solar power plants, wind energy, thermal and non-thermal power plants are too high. As economies create and become more difficult, energy needs increase incredibly. According to Chu Majumdar (2012), the effect of energy expenses and costs on modern intensity relies upon the weight that every energy source has on the last energy utilization network. There are many issues which should be alleviated or overcome before cost effective can be extracted from the waves. The most difficult issue confronting the improvement of effective wave energy extractors is that the energy extracted directly from waves is not suited to cater energy requirements. Although there are wave energy extractors recently in presence, the cost of generating energy is very high to be monetarily focused with different types of sustainable power source . Wave energy extraction is presently too costly, making it impossible to be an important source of energy. The implantation cost of wave energy extraction can be divided into four main categories such as production, establishment, support, and relationship to the grid. Because these costs fluctuate so generally between various extractors, it is hard to assess the cost of generation for a wave energy converter. Thus, the wave energy conversion will become competitive in the long term. Wave extraction advancement is still in the preliminary phases of experimentation, and there are an extensive variety of devices currently being assessed. Economic issues solutions: In order to reduce the social issues, there are measures shows which can help the countries to provide a securing a sustainable future for electricity. According to Epstein Buhovac (2014), the main exact solution of solving the economic issues is the cost of the electricity generated by a specific venture contrasted with elective sources of power and to the market cost of energy when the power plant starts business operations. Although new atomic energy services are capital concentrated, capital costs are just the starting phase of any examination of new making limit. The nuclear energy organizations play an imperative part in job opportunities, and economic development, offering both long-term and enduring commercial and economic advantages. Nuclear energy organizations have led monetary advantages examining the greater part of the nuclear energy services in the country. Diverse energy is also another solution to overcome the economic issues in securing a sustainable future for electricity. Diverse energy sources enable the countries to adjust the cost of power generation, accessibility and environmental effects to the better future for electricity. Empowering public policies and private sector investment could give a further support to the advancements, particularly when short and medium-term economic advantages of sustainable energy are considered. Greenhouse gas emanations are only single perspective to consider, although the key to the renewed among environmentalist. Nuclear fuels costs are a moderately little portion of operating cost and therefore have just a weak influence on the cost of electricity, so shortage may or not may be a big factor. There are also atomic power advancements that basically permit much more effective utilization of uranium, or even to breed extra nuclear fuel, thus, these advances have not demonstrated successful. From the above essay, it has been concluded that sustainable energy is a basic part of decreasing the global carbon discharges and the pace of venture has tremendously increased as the cost of advancements fall and productivity keeps on rising. This essay analyzes the different sustainability points of electricity such as social, environmental, and economic issues in securing a sustainable future for electricity and the possible measures in order to overcome these issues. References Allcott, H. (2011). Social norms and energy conservation.Journal of public Economics,95(9), 1082-1095. Bribin, I. Z., Capilla, A. V., Usn, A. A. (2011). Life cycle assessment of building materials: Comparative analysis of energy and environmental impacts and evaluation of the eco-efficiency improvement potential.Building and Environment,46(5), 1133-1140. Chu, S., Majumdar, A. (2012). Opportunities and challenges for a sustainable energy future.nature,488(7411), 294-303. Clarens, A. F., Resurreccion, E. P., White, M. A., Colosi, L. M. (2010). Environmental life cycle comparison of algae to other bioenergy feedstocks.Environmental science technology,44(5), 1813-1819. Crane, A., Matten, D. (2016).Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. Elder-Vass, D. (2010).The causal power of social structures: Emergence, structure, and agency. Cambridge University Press. Epstein, M. J., Buhovac, A. R. (2014).Making sustainability work: Best practices in managing and measuring corporate social, environmental, and economic impacts. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Johansson, T. B., Patwardhan, A. P., Naki?enovi?, N., Gomez-Echeverri, L. (Eds.). (2012).Global energy assessment: toward a sustainable future. Cambridge University Press. Lior, N. (2010). Sustainable energy development: the present (2009) situation and possible paths to the future.Energy,35(10), 3976-3994. Maxim, A. (2014). Sustainability assessment of electricity generation technologies using weighted multi-criteria decision analysis.Energy Policy,65, 284-297. Offer, G. J., Howey, D., Contestabile, M., Clague, R., Brandon, N. P. (2010). Comparative analysis of battery electric, hydrogen fuel cell and hybrid vehicles in a future sustainable road transport system.Energy policy,38(1), 24-29. Panwar, N. L., Kaushik, S. C., Kothari, S. (2011). Role of renewable energy sources in environmental protection: a review.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,15(3), 1513-1524. Schaltegger, S., Ldeke-Freund, F., Hansen, E. G. (2012). Business cases for sustainability: the role of business model innovation for corporate sustainability.International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development,6(2), 95-119. Stamford, L., Azapagic, A. (2012). Life cycle sustainability assessment of electricity options for the UK.International Journal of Energy Research,36(14), 1263-1290. Verbong, G. P., Geels, F. W. (2010). Exploring sustainability transitions in the electricity sector with socio-technical pathways.Technological Forecasting and Social Change,77(8), 1214-1221. Wolsink, M. (2012). The research agenda on social acceptance of distributed generation in smart grids: Renewable as common pool resources.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,16(1), 822-835.

Louis Isadore Kahn And The Salk Institute Essays - Architecture

Louis Isadore Kahn And The Salk Institute Louis Kahn and The Salk Institute Standing alone against the endless blue sea, the Salk Institute by Louis I. Kahn is one of a kind. Louis Kahn's Salk Institute for Biological Studies on the Pacific coast near La Jolla aspires within its own spirit to an order achieved through clarity, definition, and consistency of application(Heyer 195). To many, this magnificent structure may seem out of place, but it works well with the surrounding environment because of the spatial continuity that it possesses. The relation to the site, the tectonic characteristics, and the ideas of servant versus served, combine to achieve a great sense of order in the Salk Institute. Many of the ideas that went into the construction of this design are still utilized in architecture today. Kahn's modern design takes full advantage of the atmosphere by opening up a broad plaza between two research and lab wings providing a view of the beautiful Pacific Ocean and the coastline (Ghirardo 227). The laboratories are separated from the study areas, and each study has a view of the magnificent blue Pacific with horizontal light pouring in. This allows scientists to take a break from their frantic studies and clear their minds with a breath-taking view. In relation to this idea Kahn stated, I separated the studies from the laboratory and placed them over the gardens. Now one need not spend all the time in the laboratories (Ronner 158). The two lab wings are symmetrical about a small stream that runs through the middle of the courtyard and feeds into the ocean. This steady ban of water flowing towards the sea symbolizes the success that human can accomplish. I thought this idea had a worthy presence, considering the Salk Institute is one that promotes research and study. Thus, the courtyard is considered the fa?ade to the sky. Kahn didn't need to dress up the land around the plan because the Salk Institute is the landscape. It is one with the site. Kahn incorporates the use of tectonic characteristics within this design in a number of ways. The materials used included wood, concrete, marble, water, and glass, and they all contributed to the Brutalist notions and simplistic plan. He believed that concrete was the stone of modern man, and therefore it was to be left with exposed joints and formwork markings (Ronner 164). Weathered wood and glass combined with the concrete to construct the outside surface. Kahn also integrated mechanical and electrical services into this architecture, which gave laboratories a new concept. These technologies were hidden in the design to continue Kahn's search for order in the plan. Ceiling and column ideas were also combined to separate the air that you breathe from the air that you throw away. Interlocking volumes are present throughout the structure, all the way down to the details on the furniture (Ghirardo 227). The servant and served spaces in the Salk Institute create a consistent order, which is evident throughout the design. The laboratories act as the served spaces, while the servant spaces are represented by the studies. All of the ideas are initiated in the studies or offices, and the research is carried out in the labs. Therefore, the servant spaces serve the served spaces. These are not the only ways that the served and servant concepts are involved in the institute. An idea that is still used to this day in all forms of architecture is the way the Kahn guides the utilities through the building in an unnoticeable manner. Served spaces and servant spaces are entirely integrated (Scully 36). Kahn also made a service floor under each laboratory which established a very flexible space, and this concept is still used today (Frampton 245). Overlooking the great Pacific, this is no ordinary office building. Louis Kahn used a combination of modern architecture with much simplicity to produc e arguably his greatest feat as an architect. A lot of concepts that he initiated in this plan are still in use all over the world today. The relation to the site, the tectonic characteristics, and the ideas of servant versus served, all work together to achieve a great sense of order in the Salk Institute. Bibliography Frampton,

Topographic Maps

Topographic Maps Topographic maps (often called topo maps for short) are large scale (often greater than 1:50,000) maps that show a wide range of human and physical features of the Earth. They are very detailed maps and are often produced on large sheets of paper. The First Topographic Map In the late 17th century, French finance minister Jean Baptiste Colbert hired surveyor, astronomer, and physician Jean Dominique Cassini for an ambitious project, the topographic mapping of France. He [Colbert] wanted the kind of maps that indicated man-made and natural features as determined by precise engineering surveys and measurements. They would portray the shapes and elevations of mountains, valleys, and plains; the network of streams and rivers; the location of cities, roads, political boundaries, and other works of man. (Wilford, 112) After a century of work by Cassini, his son, grandson, and great-grandson, France was the proud owner of a complete set of topographic maps the first country to have produced such a prize. Topographic Mapping of the United States Since the 1600s, topographic mapping has become an integral part of a countrys cartography. These maps remain among the most valuable maps for government and the public alike. In the United States, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is responsible for topographic mapping. There are over 54,000 quadrangles (map sheets) that cover every inch of the United States. The USGS primary scale for mapping topographic maps is 1:24,000. This means that one inch on the map equals 24,000 inches on the ground, the equivalent of 2000 feet. These quadrangles are called 7.5 minute quadrangles because they show an area that is 7.5 minutes of longitude wide by 7.5 minutes of latitude high. These paper sheets are approximately 29 inches high and 22 inches wide. Isolines Topographic maps use a wide variety of symbols to represent human and physical features. Among the most striking are the topo maps display of the topography or terrain of the area. Contour lines are used to represent elevation by connecting points of equal elevation. These imaginary lines do a nice job of representing the terrain. As with all isolines, when contour lines lie close together, they represent a steep slope; lines far apart represent a gradual slope. Contour Intervals Each quadrangle uses a contour interval (the distance in elevation between contour lines) appropriate for that area. While flat areas may be mapped with a five-foot contour interval, rugged terrain may have a 25-foot or more contour interval. Through the use of contour lines, an experienced topographic map reader can easily visualize the direction of stream flow and the shape of the terrain. Colors Most topographic maps are produced at a large enough scale to show individual buildings and all streets in cities. In urbanized areas, larger and specific important buildings are represented in black though the urbanized area surrounding them is represented with a red shading. Some topographic maps also include features in purple. These quadrangles have been revised solely through aerial photographs and not by the typical field checking that is involved with the production of a topographic map. These revisions are shown in purple on the map and can represent newly urbanized areas, new roads, and even new lakes. Topographic maps also use standardized cartographic conventions to represent additional features such as the color blue for water and green for forests. Coordinates Several different coordinate systems are shown on topographic maps. In addition to latitude and longitude, the base coordinates for the map, these maps show UTM grids, township and range, and others. Source Campbell, John. Map Use and Analysis. 1991. Monmonier, Mark. How to Lie With Maps. Wilford, John Noble. Mapmakers.

Paraphrasing Exercise Essays - Paraphrase, Rhetoric, Free Essays

Paraphrasing Exercise Essays - Paraphrase, Rhetoric, Free Essays Paraphrasing Exercise Directions: On a separate piece of paper, write a paraphrase of each of the following passages. Feel free to read each passage a couple times. Try not to look back at the original passage. 1. The Antarctic is the vast source of cold on our planet, just as the sun is the source of our heat, and it exerts tremendous control on our climate, [Jacques] Cousteau told the camera. The cold ocean water around Antarctica flows north to mix with warmer water from the tropics, and its upwellings help to cool both the surface water and our atmosphere. Yet the fragility of this regulating system is now threatened by human activity. From Captain Cousteau, Audubon (May 1990):17. 2. The twenties were the years when drinking was against the law, and the law was a bad joke because everyone knew of a local bar where liquor could be had. They were the years when organized crime ruled the cities, and the police seemed powerless to do anything against it. Classical music was forgotten while jazz spread throughout the land, and men like Bix Beiderbecke, Louis Armstrong, and Count Basie became the heroes of the young. The flapper was born in the twenties, and with her bobbed hair and short skirts, she symbolized, perhaps more than anyone or anything else, America's break with the past. From Kathleen Yancey, English 102 Supplemental Guide (1989): 25. 3. Of the more than 1000 bicycling deaths each year, three-fourths are caused by head injuries. Half of those killed are school-age children. One study concluded that wearing a bike helmet can reduce the risk of head injury by 85 percent. In an accident, a bike helmet absorbs the shock and cushions the head. From Bike Helmets: Unused Lifesavers, Consumer Reports (May 1990): 348. 4. Matisse is the best painter ever at putting the viewer at the scene. He's the most realistic of all modern artists, if you admit the feel of the breeze as necessary to a landscape and the smell of oranges as essential to a still life. The Casbah Gate depicts the well-known gateway Bab el Aassa, which pierces the southern wall of the city near the sultan's palace. With scrubby coats of ivory, aqua, blue, and rose delicately fenced by the liveliest gray outline in art history, Matisse gets the essence of a Tangier afternoon, including the subtle presence of the bowaab, the sentry who sits and surveys those who pass through the gate. From Peter Plagens, Bright Lights. Newsweek (26 March 1990): 50. 5. While the Sears Tower is arguably the greatest achievement in skyscraper engineering so far, it's unlikely that architects and engineers have abandoned the quest for the world's tallest building. The question is: Just how high can a building go? Structural engineer William LeMessurier has designed a skyscraper nearly one-half mile high, twice as tall as the Sears Tower. And architect Robert Sobel claims that existing technology could produce a 500-story building. From Ron Bachman, Reaching for the Sky. Dial (May 1990): 15.

Project Exponential Decay Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Project Exponential Decay - Assignment Example Many researchers have fronted the idea that radioactive decay occurs in an exponential manner. According to the quantum theory, the half life of an element remains predictable. Yet, it is impossible to predict the exact moment an isolated nucleus of an atom will disintegrate in radioactive decay (Brady, 2009). It is against this knowledge that this research results were based. Mathematically, the results obtained from throwing a six-sided dice have been shown to follow an exponential pattern/ distribution. The experiments discussed were designed to display the relevance of throwing a dice to that of radioactive decay. In the first experiment, ten six-sided dice were thrown and the numbers that appeared each time recorded. The procedure was repeated each time removing a dice that had six after throwing. This was continued until all the dice had been emptied. The experiment was repeated using a limitless Excel number generator and finally with a 10-sided dice. As expected, the first experiment showed a gradually decreasing trend, synonymous with exponential decay. At time t=0 the total number of dice was 10. This corresponded to the number of un-decayed nuclei as explained by Murray and Hart (Murray, Arthur & Hart, 2012). Subsequent results were recorded as follows: t=1; 7 dice left, t = 2; 4 dice left, t=3; 4 dice left, t=4; 3 dice left, t=5; 1 dice left, and t=6; 0 dice left. These results are better displayed in the graph below. The second experiment involved 10 trials. At the time point t=0 there were 20 dice. Subsequent trials indicated the number of dice remaining per time as indicated in the graph. Apparently, there was a constant display after the eighth trial. These results are displayed in the graph below. The third experiment was based on 398 dice to begin with, representing an equal number of un-decayed nuclei. This was marked as the