Computer Hardware :: Technology Computers Papers

It seems that in todays world nothing can be done without a computer, just upon a close set(predicate) look, you will find that it is the hardware components and input and output devices that make a computer useful. What is it that determines the speed at which a computer can find a file? How do you amount a report from your PC to the members of your next Board meeting? It is the hardware that is used with your computer that allows you to accomplish all of your art needs using your computer.Data input is the collection of raw data that is used to find needed information. Data input is an important part of some(prenominal) business, but different businesses have different needs when it comes to input devices. Some common business needs and the best data input solution to shed light on them are listed belowPrinted questionnaires- An optical mark recognizer (OCR) would be best because it will read the answers chosen by the participant and turn it in to digital data. surround survey- A voice recognition device would be the best solution because it would allow the telephone survey answers to be converted for digital use.Bank checks- A magnetic ink character recognition device (MICR) is the best answer for banks because it was developed by banks to read a special magnetic ink with disposed(p) data to be converted in to digital information (Stair & Reynolds, 2006).Retail tags- For retail tags, bar code scanners allow for keeping track of inventory and for price and labeling.Long documents- Optical data readers are the best bet for allowing long documents to be scanned into digital data.Once a company has the input they need in digital form, they must have a tool that allows them to create high quality output of the information gathered. There are many output devices, but it is important to have the correct one for the job. Listed below are some examples of output and the best track to get itHand held computer- The best way to get output from a hand held is through the built in liquid crystal display (LCD) since there are no other built in output features.Color photograph- A color photo should be printed on a high resolution photo printer, or if it is a very titanic photo, a color plotter would be a good option.Resume- Since most resumes are printed at home, a personal ink jet printer is the way to go.

Launching a Successful Digital Mobile Business Essay -- Apps for Busin

IntroductionSince I was a child the idea of being a business owner has been a dream of mine. I never knew the requirements of starting, rill or growing a business however, I knew I needed to design a product to sell. In the 6th grade I approached my parents and told them when I grow up I want to own a business. I vividly remember my Father laughing while my Mother smiled and told me that it took a get by of work, time and experience to own and run a business. I decided to do some research, getting on the family computer I found let on that a popular way to develop a business was to learn computer programming and write software. Years later, I worked in the Information technology field after high school and saved up m hotshoty to continue my education at State University. Majoring in telephone circuit with the Information engine room Concentration, I will gain the skills to work in a business environment but will still need to educate myself in site to found my own startu p business. Taking Care of the BasicsThere are many markets, ideas and problems that have to be considered while brainstorming startup ideas. In fact there is such an abundance of aspects one will undoubtedly feel overwhelmed from time to time. To avoid excessive frustration, it is a great idea to fragmentize up the development process into many different sections and complete each task in order. This paper will follow the path in which one should take in the development of their startup. The first task of a business is to decide on a product or service to develop. As verbalize above, there are many markets that can be considered in developing said product or service however, I have chosen to accommodate to the market that is constantly growing and evolving on a day to d... ...portunity. Works CitedReady, K. (2011). inaugurationup An insiders Guide to Launching and Running a Business. New York Apress.Louise. (2012, April 11). Different Types of Apps for Business. Retriev ed November 14, 2013, from http//newmediaangels.com/2012/04/different-types-of-apps-for-business/Whiteling, I., & Welstead, S. (2010). Start Your Own Business 2010 The Ultimate Step-By-Step Guide / edited by Ian Whiteling & Steph Welstead. 3rd ed. Richmond Crimson.Lee, M. (2012) Business Plans Handbook (Vol. 22) Michigan Cengage Learning.McKeever, M. (2007). How to Write a Business Plan. 8th ed. Berkeley Nolo, 2002Governors Office of Business and Economic Development (2012). Start a Business. Retrieved from http//business.ca.gov/StartaBusiness.aspx Dooley, J. (2011). Software Development and Professional Practice. New York Apress.

When Politics Meets Religion Essay -- Essays on Politics

When Politics Meets Religion Much of the history we are taught in grade school and secondary genteelness is filled with stories upon stories of political movements and uprising. The vast majority of these movements had one or two political leaders at the forefront whose ultimate goals included such things as liberating an oppressed people or reclaiming a status taken from a group of people by an outside force. Leaders of such movements have employ a wide range of tactics to gain support for their political agendas, but one particular tactic has been so oft used by said leaders that this tactic certainly deserves a closer examination. This tactic is religion. No matter what the nature of the movement may have been, so often we have seen and continue to see today how political leaders have made claims that God is supporting their cause. From the Crusades to the recent activities of Al Qaeda, the need for Gods support has been shown to be very important to establishing the leg itimacy of a political agenda. What happens when the political agenda fails to faithfully correspond with the religion it claims as its backing? Is on that point a relationship between the effectiveness of a political agenda and the faithfulness with which it adheres to the tenets of the religion it claims as its support? Indeed there is such a relationship, and upon closer examination, we bequeath not only see that political agendas that faithfully adhere to the tenets of a proposed religious affiliation tend to be successful, but we will also see why this is the case. We will then consider how this knowledge can be used today to address current instances of oppressive regimes. First, however, permit us examine why it is at all desirable for a political leader to ... ...m.Mahatma Gandhi - Indian Spiritual/Political Leader and Humanitarian. 2 Feb. 2003.LucidCafe. Retrieved 4 Mar. 2003 Martin Luther King, Jr. Civil - Rights Leader. 2 Feb. 2003. LucidCafe. Retrieved 4 Mar.2003 .M cClennen, Scott. Lecture. The role of religion in current politics. Fall 2003. Ethics and Development in a Global Economy. Stanford University. statement of United Church of Christ leaders opposing U.S. war against Iraq. United Church of Christ website. Retrieved 4 Mar. 2003 .Toppling Saddam Hussein Troubling, Unanswered Questions. Mar. 2002. Friends Committee on National Legislation. Retrieved 12 Mar. 2003 .

Eating Disorders and the Media :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Eating Disorders and the Media Todays society is undeniably marked by cultural norms and imagels. The question is, however, does the mass medias depiction of this norm cause abusive behavior in its population? Researchers have shown that there is a bias in the way television targets children in advertising (Ogletree, S., Williams, S., Raffeld, P., Mason, B., Fricke, K., 1990) and that this media influence over citizenry has always been observable (Miles, M., 1995). This targeting of audience members serves the purpose of singling out the most desirable consumer for the product to encourage their economic support. So if advertising is only concerned with marketing product, why is it blamed for the low self-esteem and body image and thus the bulimia and anorexia seen in todays women? The images projected by the media in commercials, products, wrote ads etc. give todays consumers an idea of what normal should look like (Sellers, M., Waligroski, K., 1993). The people in the ads woul d all have the ideal body proportions, material possessions and social status in order to be the attention the ad places on them. Viewers see the ads and compare the body images they see to themselves, which is likely to reveal a discrepancy. Five years ago, the average effeminate model weighed 23% less that the average woman of the time (Miles, M., 1995) and the difference is only growing. Men to are affected by the medias portrayal of what ideal looks like. Jirousek explains the developing of the ideal male figure from a slim and romantic shape to the superhuman image we see in television and the rest of media today (1996). With the starting line of televised football in the 1930s, the popularized image of males incorporated the larger than life appearance from shoulder pads and other armor to encompass movie heroes, comic book characters and garb models. With the males in the public eye having these muscular figures and distorted proportions, the normal male then received the impression that this is what women wanted even if the look does not convey easily to most men. Fabio is a good example of this image (although Jirousek states that Fabio is more for the female consumer than the influence over male viewers, 1996). This male image could be respectable the thing a man needs to see in order to feel completely below expectations thus, resulting in low self-esteem.

Explaining Laws in Special Relativity :: Science Mathematics Papers

Explaining Laws in Special RelativityWesley pinkish-orange has suggested that the two star(p) views of scientific explanation, the bottom-up view and the top-down view, make unmistakable types of explanation. In this paper, I focus on theoretical explanations in physics, i.e., explanations of physical laws. Using explanations of E=mc2, I argue that the distinction amongst bottom-up explanations (BUEs) and top-down explanations (BUEs) is best understood as a manifestation of a deeper distinction, found origin every last(predicate)y in Newtons work, between two levels of theory. I use Einsteins distinction between principle and constructive theories to argue that only lower level theories, i.e., constructive theories, can yield BUEs. These explanations, furthermore, bet on higher level laws that receive only TDEs from a principle theory. Thus, I conclude that Salmons challenge to characterize the relationship between the two types of explanation can be met only by recognizin g the close relationship between types of theoretical explanation and the structure of physical theory. The two leading views of scientific explanation, Salmons bottom-up view and the Friedman-Kitcher top-down view, give what appear to be prima facie incompatible characterizations of scientific explanation. According to the bottom-up view, we pardon a given phenomenon when we uncover the underlying causal mechanisms that are responsible for its occurrence. The top-down view, on the other hand, maintains that we explain a phenomenon by deriving it from the popular principles or laws that best unify our knowledge. In this paper, I focus on theoretical explanations in physics, i.e., explanations of physical laws. I premier show that, as Salmon suggests (1989, p. 180-182), it seems promising to treat these two approaches not so much as different views about explanation but rather as descriptions of two distinct types of scientific explanations there are clear cases of laws that h ave bottom-up explanations (BUEs) while others receive only top-down explanations (TDEs). I then argue, using explanations of mass-energy equivalence in Special Relativity (SR), that this disparity (why should some laws receive only TDEs after all?) is best understood as a symptom of a deeper distinction, first introduced by Newton, between two levels of physical theory. At one level, there is the collection of general principles and definitions of physical terms, i.e., a theoretical framework, from which one derives general constraints for all physical processes. At a lower level, there are laws that identify and describe specific physical interactions like gravitation and electromagnetism.

Explaining Laws in Special Relativity :: Science Mathematics Papers

Explaining Laws in Special RelativityWesley pinkish-orange has suggested that the two hint views of scientific report, the bottom-up view and the top-down view, describe distinct types of explanation. In this paper, I focus on theoretic explanations in physics, i.e., explanations of sensible laws. Using explanations of E=mc2, I argue that the distinction between bottom-up explanations (BUEs) and top-down explanations (BUEs) is best soundless as a manifestation of a deeper distinction, found originally in Newtons work, between two levels of theory. I use Einsteins distinction between principle and constructive theories to argue that only get level theories, i.e., constructive theories, can yield BUEs. These explanations, furthermore, depend on higher level laws that receive only TDEs from a principle theory. Thus, I conclude that Salmons challenge to characterize the relationship between the two types of explanation can be met only by recognizing the close relationship betw een types of theoretical explanation and the structure of bodily theory. The two leading views of scientific explanation, Salmons bottom-up view and the Friedman-Kitcher top-down view, give what appear to be prima(predicate) facie incompatible characterizations of scientific explanation. According to the bottom-up view, we explain a given phenomenon when we uncover the underlying causal mechanisms that are responsible for its occurrence. The top-down view, on the former(a) hand, maintains that we explain a phenomenon by deriving it from the general principles or laws that best unify our knowledge. In this paper, I focus on theoretical explanations in physics, i.e., explanations of material laws. I first show that, as Salmon suggests (1989, p. 180-182), it seems promising to treat these two approaches not so much as different views about explanation but rather as descriptions of two distinct types of scientific explanations there are clear cases of laws that have bottom-up exp lanations (BUEs) while others receive only top-down explanations (TDEs). I then argue, using explanations of mass-energy equivalence in Special Relativity (SR), that this disparity (why should some laws receive only TDEs after all?) is best understood as a symptom of a deeper distinction, first introduced by Newton, between two levels of physical theory. At one level, there is the collection of general principles and definitions of physical terms, i.e., a theoretical framework, from which one derives general constraints for all physical processes. At a lower level, there are laws that identify and describe specific physical interactions like gravitation and electromagnetism.

Handling Multicultural Environment Essay

Any single culture is multidimensional, and in this time of globalization, people belonging to various cultures are manduction common workplace where they are bound to interact with one another. This situation certainly c alls for a thorough training on ethnic competency for all members of whatsoever multicultural organization, and especially for the managers who have the job to unify all employees aims and aspirations with the goals of their high conjunction. much(prenominal) a task is easier said than done as there is plethora of instances where cultural difference has shattered the dreams of the company.However, there is no dearth of opposite instances too, where successful implementation of multicultural philosophy has brought in sustainable competitive avail for the companies. In either way, this state of affairs substantiates the importance of seriously considering organization as culture and adopting right steps to achieve the status of a loyal multicultural organizat ion. With this point of view, this paper explores how the organizations can impart quality training to their managers, besides evaluating the efficacy of the established theories/ideas on this issue, before reaching its own conclusion.multicultural milieu Any workplace comprising of employees from more than one culture can be called a multicultural organization. Here the word culture contains several interpretation, though in general, it speak almost a package of perception, belief and acquired behavioral process, containing elements like learned and shared values, beliefs and behaviors to a particular group of people (Yamashita, 2004). On the other hand, multiculturalism is a Doctrine asserting value of different cultures coexisting within single society globally, vision of cultural diversity deliberately fostered and saved (Globalization, 2000).In plain words, it is a concept of aligning various cultures to serve a common purpose. Common Problems in Multicultural Environment Pro blems occur when cultural difference and consequently, difference in perception near a particular issue/act/custom/or policy stands between the individuals or groups. Such situations can occur anytime at any multicultural set up, which can begin with little differences like meaning of a word, eating habits, or apparitional practice, whatever, and that can fuel a bigger set of difference, if not timely diffused.For example, the word, monkey contains hint of racism in several(prenominal) parts of the world, while it is only a simple definition of primate in the other. Now if someone from that special part of the world is called a monkey, s/he might move furiously, no guinea pig how innocent the caller is. Understandably, such channel noises , are the outcome of ones ignorance about others culture. Specific Problems in Multicultural Environment This takes place when cultural difference puts spanner in the process of work.This too, can emerge out of various situations like managers or employees biases about their culture, or from ignorance about what means what. It is not uncommon for a manager to find difficulty in catering a multicultural audience at one go, if some of the members do not understand managers spoken language, or their idioms sound idiotic to their ears. This again points towards the importance of grooming to the tune of multicultural philosophy. Theories for Help No matter how much humans developed their science and technology, they are yet to discover a device that would be able to interpret ones mind for another.It is for this reason, the age-old art and science of effective communication still works wonders for every sphere of life and it is in fact the oxygen of any multicultural organization. Thus it would be pertinent to mention about two such theories out of many, to explain how theories can save the day for the managers of multicultural organizations. What these theories do is, they recoil the foundation of understanding among human s, which is the prime condition to rise above any cultural biases and to accept the fact that humans are all equal at their basements.ERG Theory This is an improvised version of Abraham Maslows (1908-1970) famous model of Hierarchy of Needs (Maslows, 2008), created by Clayton Alderfer after prolonged research, which adds more flexibility in ascertain the needs of an individual, which it does by reorienting the elements from Maslows model into three segments like Existence (E) It involves physiological and safety needs. Relatedness (R) It contains social and external pry needs. Growth (G) Self-actualization and internal esteem needs. (ERG, 2007).Claytons model allows to set the order of needs according to the existing need structure of an employee, besides providing the scope to pursue different needs simultaneously. Accordingly, company can motivate any individual on any of the E, R or G needs while looking after an individuals E need (say, where an employee needs a safety mea sure), the company can look after the same individuals R needs (like accolade her for her achievement) and G needs (inducting the individual in the think tank of the department).Expectancy Value Theory Founded by Martin Fishbein in the 1970-s, suggesting that people mould themselves to the world in accordance with their put upations/beliefs and evaluations (Expectancy, 2004). This serves as a pointer to the fact that behavior or behavioral intentions or attitudes evolve out of expectancy and evaluation, where the expectancy is an idea about a situation or object and evaluation is ones estimation about the impact of that idea/situation/object on any plane.Theories Groom VisionIf the entire team of a workplace can adopt a vision in the light of the Expectancy Value Theory, where they would expect that they are devoted to the collective goal. Once armed with this vision, the following areas of communication would definitely take a new turn as the outcome of reorientation of ones app roach to the world Intrapersonal communication The vision would make the employee think like Im attached to an important organ of the society and thus I have more responsibility to meet its expectations.Communication with clients The vision will make the employees more patient and taking interest in communicating with clients belonging to another culture. Team Communication There would be less conflict of ego or other minor areas of personal interests, as the greater cause will influence all members to align their approach towards the perceived goal (achieving high standards of service).

Natural Vegetation of India

Describe the regional variations in the climatic conditions of India with the help of suitable examples. Despite the oerall unity accorded by the monsoon, there are visible regional variations in climatic conditions within India. Regardless of the lead influences of the Himalayas in the north and the sea in the south, variations do exist in temperature, humidity and precipitation. For example, in summer, some parts of the Rajasthan desert, in north-western India, record temperatures of 50C, while it may be around 20C in Pahalgam in Jammu and Kashmir, in the north of the country.On a spend night, the temperature at Drass in Jammu and Kashmir may be as commencement as electronegative 45C, while Thiruvananthapuram may have a temperature of 22C. In general, coastal force fields experience less contrasts in temperature conditions. Seasonal contrasts are more in the interior of the country. A nonher case in point is precipitation. While precipitation is mostly in the form of snowfal l in the upper parts of the Himalayas, it rains over the rest of the country. The annual precipitation varies from over 400 cm in Meghalaya to less than 10 cm in Ladakh and western Rajasthan.Most parts of the country realize rainfall from June to September, but some parts like the Tamil Nadu coast get most of their rain during October and November. Discuss the mechanism of monsoons. During summer, a low-pressure area develops over interior Asia as well as over north and north-western India. At the same time, there is a high-pressure placement over the gray Indian Ocean. Winds move from a high-pressure area to a low-pressure area. As a result, the low-pressure system attracts the southeast trade winds of the southern hemisphere.On interbreeding the equator, these trade windsdue to the Coriolis forceturn right towards the low-pressure areas over the Indian subcontinent. After crossing the equator, these winds start blowing in a south- western direction, and enter the Indian penins ula as the southwest monsoon. As these winds blow over warm oceans, they bring abundant moisture to the subcontinent. Arriving at the southern tip of the Indian peninsula, the wind system breaks up into two branches ? the Arabian Sea branch and the embayment of Bengal branch.The Arabian Sea branch hits the Western Ghats, while the Bay of Bengal branch flows over the Bay of Bengal and hits the eastern Himalayas. The coastal areas west of the Western Ghats receive much of the rainfall from the Arabian Sea Branch, while the regions lying east of the Western Ghats do not receive much rain from these winds. The north-eastern parts of the country receive much of their rainfall from the Bay of Bengal Branch. As these winds move from east to west, the moisture they carry more and more declines. As a result, rainfall decreases from east to west.The Arabian Sea branch moves towards the north-east from the south-west, and joins the Bay of Bengal branch over the northern part of the country. The duration of the monsoon is amongst 100 to one hundred twenty days. By the end of this period, the low pressure system over north and north-west India gradually weakens, and this leads to the retreat of the monsoon winds. Give an account of go conditions and characteristics of the cold season. The Cold Weather Season Beginning from mid-November, the winter season lasts till February. The weather is usually marked by clear sky, low temperatures and low humidity, and feeble and variable winds.The temperature decreases from the south to the north, with the peninsular region not showing any noticeable seasonal change in temperature pattern due to the moderating influence of the sea. The coldest months are December and January. The days are generally warm and the nights are cold. Frost is common in the north and the higher slopes of the Himalayas experience snowfall. During this season, the sub-tropical westerly jet streams blowing south of the Himalayas bring in cyclonic disturban ces from the Mediterranean region. These cause winter rains over the plains and snowfall in the mountains.The Tamil Nadu coast also receives winter rainfall due to the blowing of the north-east trade winds from sea to land. Give the characteristics and effects of the monsoon rainfall in India. Characteristics of monsoon rainfall in India (i) The duration of the monsoon is between 100 to 120 days from early June to mid-September. (ii) Around the time of its arrival, the normal rainfall increases suddenly and continues for several days. This is known as the burst of the monsoon. (iii) The monsoon has characteristic wet and dry spells or breaks in rainfall.The monsoon rains take place only for a few days at a time. They are interspersed with rainless intervals. (iv) The moisture is carried by pulsating south westerlies that are affected by different atmospheric conditions, thereby giving monsoon rains an uncertain character. The annual rainfall is highly variable from year to year (v) The rainfall is stragglingly distributed across the Indian landscape. Parts of the western coast and north-eastern India receive the maximum rainfall. Regions such as parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Leh and the leeward side of the Western Ghats receive very little rainfall.Effects of monsoon rainfall in India (a) Indian agriculture is largely dependent upon the water from the monsoon rains. Late, low or excessive rains have a negative meet upon crops. (b) Due to the uneven distribution of rainfall across the country, there are some regions that are drought prone and some that are flood afflicted. (c) The monsoon provides India with a distinct climatic pattern. Hence, in spite of the presence of great regional variations, it has a unifying influence upon the country and its people.

English Essay

Culture polity, traditions, language, food, costume, belief system, architecture, arts, chicane, music, dance, and sports which will be discussed in this article to give you an indication of Fijis indigenous participation but also the heterogeneous communities which make up Fiji as a current culture and spirit. The indigenous culture is an active and living part of commonplace life for the major(ip)ity of the population. However, it has evolved with the introduction of vibrant and old cultures including Indian, Chinese and European culture, and various cultures from the Pacific neighbors of Fiji in particular the Tongan and Rotuman cultures.The culture of Fiji, including language, has created a whimsical communal and national identity. Tradition and hierarchy Fijian indigenous society is very communal, with great importance attached to the family unit, the village, and the vanua (land). 1 A hierarchy of chiefs presides over villages, clans, and tribes. in general positions b e hereditary a deceased chief is invariably followed by a kinsman or kinswoman, though not necessarily his own son or daughter. This reflects Polynesian influence in most different Melanesian societies, chiefs ar appointed on merit.The largest social unit for Fijians is the Yavusa, defined by R. A. Derrick as the direct agnate descendants of a single kalou-vu (deified ancestor). Chiefly succession was from older br separate/ sis to younger brother/sister, after the death of their father/mother. When the youngest brother/sister died, the eldest son/daughter of the eldest brother/sister became chief. This tradition unflurried influences Fijian society today, though less rigidly there is more(prenominal) of a tendency nowadays towards primogeniture. 23 Each brother/sister in the family then formed his own branch of the yavusa, cal direct the Mataqali.Each mataqali became the custodian of a special(prenominal) task. A fully developed Yavusa has several mataqali * Turaga This mata qali descends from the original ancestor by dint of primogeniture inheritance of the eldest son in each(prenominal)(prenominal) succeeding generation. The chief of a village is always chosen from the Turaga mataqali. 14 * Sauturaga These are next in rank to the chiefs, support him, and enforce his commands and also deem final say in the introduction of a Chief1 * Mata ni vanua These form the official heralds of the village.They are also in charge of watching functions. 5 * Bete This was the traditional priestly class. The kalou-vu was believed to speak through the Bete. 16 * Bati This mataqali forms the traditional warrior class. 6 * Dau (skill) and black pine these are the crafts people and specialized skilled people of the tribe e. g. Dau ni vucu (Poet/choreographer/composer), Dau ni yau (treasurer), Mataisau (carpenter/or Canoe builder)1 The mataqali are subdivided into Tokatoka, each comprising closely related families.several(prenominal) mataqali comprise a village, sev eral of which form a yavusa or district. The British colonial rulers amalgamated the districts into Yasana, or Provinces. The districts also form three Matanitu, or Confederacies. These are often said to be agglomerations of provinces, but as the latter were a colonial imposition, the boundaries do not coincide exactly, and the Provinces of Tailevu, Ra, Naitasiri, Lomaiviti and parts of Yasawa and Ba makes the Kubuna Confederacy. This Confederacy in modern Fiji is considered to be the most senior.The other two are Burebasaga (covering the rest of Viti Levu), and Tovata, covering Vanua Levu, Lau archipelago and Rotuma. Despite its isolation and relatively small(a) size, Tovata has been politically dominant since Fiji gained its liberty in 1970. Language The official language is face while the national indigenous language is Bauan which is only one of the many dialects that exist in the Fiji Group, each of the fourteen provinces more or less have their own dialect though there is a clear distinction between the dialects of the West, Central and east parts of the country.Other languages spoken in the country are Fiji Hindi, Cantonese, Rotuman, Gilbertese (Rabi Island), and Tuvaluan (Kioa Island). The Fiji Islands are traditionally linked to their island neighbours Rotuma, Tonga and Samoa, and this is evident in the culture and dialects of the Northern and Eastern provinces beingness Cakaudrove, Bua, Macuata, and Lau. The many dialects spoken in these four provinces consistently use sounds that are heard in Tongan and Samoan, but not so with dialects from the Western and second Western parts of Fiji.The Fijian language uses a Latin alphabet. However, the Fijian alphabet is dissimilar from the English alphabet. Fiji English The existence of many dialects within the Fijian language as well as exposure to the other languages spoken have contributed to many Fiji Islanders being bilingual. For general communication in an informal environment, a very interesting cr oss use of the languages has developed, resulting in slang now commonly referred to as Fiji English. In formal settings, of course, correct usage is adhered to.Fiji English comprises aspects of Fijian, English and Hindi, which reflects the history and identity of the people of Fiji. Fiji English is non-rhotic. . Cultural arts and social polity In culture, its various crafts and music give it an identity along with it traditional etiquette and varying forms of clothing attire, its unique architecture also tells a story of a culture and its evolution, the following will discuss these aspects of culture in Fiji. liberal arts and crafts Fijis arts and crafts reflect local adaptations of their Polynesian and Melanesian heritage.By tradition, the mens and womens crafts are separate. Womens crafts The village of Na lotu on Kadavu Island is famed for its pottery, the making of which is still governed by strict rituals. Nadroga and Rewa also produce fine pottery. Each region has its own un ique style in the making of pottery. tapa from the Lau Islands in Fiji. The making of Tapa cloth, or (masi), is another craft associated with women. Tapa is do from the bark of the paper mulberry tree and decorated in draw with symbolic motifs and various patterns.In modern multiplication, it has become fashionable for a masi to bear the name of the person who made it. Masi are often exchanged as gifts on formal occasions. The island of Vatuelele of the southern coast of Viti Levu is famous for its masi products. around Fijian mats are made from the leaves of the pandanus tree. The long process of preparation includes scraping and change state the leaves, and drying them in the sun. There are different mats used for different occasions, and almost are made as gifts for formal occasions much(prenominal) as weddings.Most mats are bordered with highly decorative and brightly coloured wool. One well-known Fijian mat is the kuta, made by women in Vanua Levu, particularly Bua. int erweave using various materials was another craft generally mastered by the women but also aspects of corresponde were mastered only by the men, various subjects of weaving effective were and still are basket weaving, coconut rope weaving, and coconut leaves weaving. Mens crafts Carving was practiced by the men carving would be used for items of practical use and simple shapes and design were used.A lot of effort was put into well adorned weapons and items for the home and ceremony, today carving is practiced for its use in tourism and no longer plays a major role in Fijian society and life except in the bailiwick of the Tanoa used from drinking Kava. Drua, the most impressive Fijian canoe. Canoe Building was another art practiced only by the men, canoes were not only the major form of communication, but were classic in all aspects of Fijian society, from the gathering of food and transporting of crops to use in presentation ceremonies and they were instrumental in wars and po litics which were plethoric in Fiji. 9 The art of Canoe building was varied across the stem and had several different types but of a similar design, the Camakau was a small twin hulled canoe for fishing or small transportation purposes, the most impressive of Canoes in Fiji were that of the Drua. In Fijis early history forrader European involvement, fake of the seaway was a major and decisive objective disrupting or cutting off the enemies supply and reinforcements gave great advantage in battle and would ensure victory. sea battles involving hundreds of canoes were frequent. The canoe, which inspired fear and awe and so often held the balance was the mighty Drua. One of the most elaborate and beautiful artifacts of Oceania, the Drua was a product of considerable group efforts and human contribute. Double hulled and of gigantic proportions, the Drua was a master blame of design and craftsmanship, requiring total company involvement in its construction and human sacrifice in i ts launching. 10 Its cannonball along out at sea would be in excess of twenty knots and still remained highly manoeuvrable, it was capable of carrying upward of 150 warriors and took some 6 to 7 years to build and would vary in length from 100 feet to 118 feet and have a mast height of 60 to 70 feet, in the mid-19th century the following accounts were enter Up went the huge sail, down went the great steering oars, splashing into the sea, and away we shot like a racehorse.Owing to the great rate at which we were going, the sea was like a hissing cauldron on either side of our course, and the vessel, instead of having time to mount over the smaller waves, cut its way through them. (West, 1869). It had a magnificent appearance with its immense sail of egg white mats its velocity was almost inconceivable. (Wilkes, 1840). Ratu Seru Cakobau commanded an impressive fleet which had Several Drua with armed warriors ready for battle the led Canoe was named Rusi I Vanua or Cursed is the l and. 11 Much of the art of Canoe building has been lost and only a small few still practice the art on a very small scale as its use in this modern era seems to have lost its place. The craft of Canoe building was traditionally reserved for the male. Performing arts Fijian rugby Team Performing a Traditional War Dance before their Rugby encounter against Canada. The Meke An indigenous art form is the Meke, which may incorporate the seasea (womens fan dance) or a meke wesi (mens spear dance).It is usually a narrative of an important event such as a war, a chiefly adroitness, or even a scandal. Some mekes are generations old, and form an important part of Fijis oral history. In olden times, the meke was considered to be an oracle from the gods, and the Dau ni vucu, or composer, would often go into a trance before a performance. Others are modern, composed for a particular event, much as a poet laureate might write a poem to celebrate an event in a Western country. Each district of F iji has its own form of meke, performed in the local dialect.Other forms of Polynesian and Melanesian dance art forms exist with most astray known being dances of Rotuma and Tonga. There are also various Indian dances and Chinese dances which are performed at relevant festivals marking important times for these communities which are now a part of Culture in Fiji. Music Music of Old Fiji consisted of various chants which often told a story or preserved randomness to be passed on from generation to generation, these songs used various traditional instruments.With the introduction of European and Asian cultures music in Fiji has evolved and songs sung in the Fijian pious platitude are popular but so also are songs in Indian and English, some local artists mix all three languages and traditional instruments from each culture making for a very interesting musical experience. A distinct Indian sound has evolved in Fiji that some see as influencing modern Indian music and even jazz. Clo thing and costume The traditional attire was loin cloths for men and grass skirts for women.Skirts were short for single women, and long for married women, with girls eroding virgin locks before marriage. Most ladies of rank had the lower parts of their bodies decorated with tattoos. Chiefs dressed more elaborately. recent Fijis national dress is the sulu, which resembles a skirt. It is commonly worn by both men and women. One type worn by both men and women is the Sulu va Taga pronounced Sulu vah Tanga which is a wrap around piece of rectangular material which is elaborately decorated with patterns and designs of varying styles this is for more casual and informal occasions.Many men, especially in urban areas, also have Sulu va taga which is a tailored sulu and can be tailored as part of their suit. Many will wear a shirt with a western-style collar, tie, and jacket, with a matching Sulu va taga and sandals, this type of sulu can be worn to a semi formal or formal occasion. Even the military uniforms have incorporated the Sulu va taga as part of their ceremonial dress. Women usually wear a multi-layered Tapa cloth on formal occasions. A blouse made of cotton, silk, or satin, of often worn on top. On special occasions, women often wear a tapa sheath across the chest, rather than a blouse.On other occasions, women may be dressed in a chamba, also known as a sulu I ra, a sulu with a specially crafted top. There are many regional variations throughout Fiji. Residents of the village of Dama, in Bua Province and Cakaudrove i Vanua (Province), Fiji wear finely woven mats called kuta, made from a reed. While traditional and semi-traditional forms of dress are still very much in use amongst indigenous Fijian culture, there is a greater influence for Western and Indian Fashion in urban areas as in live developed nations. Traditions and ceremoniesEtiquette in indigenous Fijian ceremony is rather intricate depending on the function as various formalities and presentat ions which do several things first it shows respect between two communal groups, strengthen tribal and family ties and reinforce social, tribal and family ties. Various items are used in ceremony and surrounded by ceremony, Kava, known in Fiji as yaqona, is Fijis national drink. Traditionally, it was used only in important ceremonies. Nowadays, it is a social beverage. There is a strict communications protocol associated with yaqona drinking.One should clap once, clasping the hands, take the cup, and drink the yaqona in a single draft before returning the cup to the bearer. Another highly prized item in ceremony is the tabua or Whales tooth, other items also the use of mats (masi) are also used traditionally in ceremony also various regions have tradition that has been passed down generation to generation for centuries one example are the firewalkers of beqa. The Sawau tribe of Beqa are noted for their ability to walk on white hot stones without being burned. 12 Strict rituals have to be observed before the firewalking ceremony. There is an ancient myth about how an ancestor of the Sawau tribe was given this office by a relish god in exchange for his life, after the god was captured by the man who was fishing for eels. Cuisine The cuisine of Fiji in pre-colonial times consisted of root crops, vegetables, and fruits, as well as various land animals such as wild pig, human, and various birds. The coastal tribes would have had the same, but also had a large amount of local seafood.These would have been prepared with local herbs and spices on wood fire rock ovens. Most cooking areas were located in the affectionateness of house so the smoke would repel insects and strengthen the capital thatching. Another popular method of cooking, which is still used today, is the lovo which is an earth oven13 a fire made on in a pit in the ground lined with heat-resistant stones. It closely resembles the hangi of the New Zealand Maori. When the stones are hot, food wrapped in (banana) leaves, is placed in the pit, covered with soil and left to cook before being exhumed and eaten.Dishes cooked this way include palusami, parcels of taro leaves saturated with coconut milk, onions, and sometimes tinned meat. Modern Fijian Cuisine is rather diverse with great influence from Indian cuisine and spices. When these are applied to local traditional dishes, it makes for interesting eating. European, Indian, and Chinese variants of cuisine, along with traditional foods, are common place in most, if not all households in Fiji. Architecture A bure kalou, a sketch done in the early 1800s.In Old Fiji, the architecture of villages was simple and practical to meet the physical and social need and to provide communal safety the houses were square in shape and with benefit like shaped roofs,14 and the walls and roof were thatched and various plants of practical use were planted nearby, each village having a meeting house and a Spirit house. The spirit house was elevate d on a pyramid like base built with large stones and earth, again a square building with an elongated pyramid like 14 roof with various scented flora planted nearby.The houses of Chiefs were of similar design and would be set higher than his subjects houses but instead of an elongated roof would have similar roof to those of his subjects homes but of course on a larger scale. With the introduction of communities from Asia aspects of their cultural architecture are now evident in urban and rural areas of Fijis two main Islands Viti Levu and Vanua Levu. A village structure shares similarities today but built with modern materials and spirit houses (Bure Kalou) have been replaced by churches of varying design.The urban landscape of early Colonial Fiji was reminiscent of most British colonies of the 19th and 20th century in tropical regions of the world, while some of this architecture remains, the urban landscape is evolving in leaps and bounds with various modern aspects of architectu re and design becoming more and more evident in the business, industrial and domestic sector, the rural areas are evolving at a much slower rate. Literature The emergence of Fijis literature (as distinct from oral literature) coincides with the countrys transition to independence in 1970.Among the first published works of Fijian literature, in the late 1960s and early 1970s, were Raymond Pillais short stories (in English) and Pio Manoas poesy (in English and in Fijian). More recent notable Fiji writers include Satendra Nandan (poet and novelist), Sudesh Mishra (poet), Larry Thomas (playwright), and Joseph Veramo (novelist). Religion Religion is quite diverse with Christianity being the dominant faith in Fiji. Many Christian denominations are present in Fiji, the most prevalent of which is Methodist.Of the other Asian religions the Hindu faith is dominant, followed by Islam. There are other belief systems observed by Fijians as well. The impact of Christianity The impact of Christian ity in the 19th century resulted in certain traditions being proscribed. In the pre-Christian era, human sacrifice was practiced. Men were buried alive to hold the pillars to the house of a chief. Cannibalism was practiced, too16 the bodies of enemies slain in battle, or in sacrifice, were piled up and cooked for festivals, such as the installation of chiefs or the launching of a great canoe. 16 Seru Epenisa Cakobau. The Bauan warlord who united the disparate tribes of Fiji and proclaimed himself King in 1871, renounced cannibalism on his conversion to Christianity in 1854. A bure kalou, a pre-Christian Fijian religious Building. Old religion Fijis old religion is no longer practiced by the majority in the indigenous community who have adopted Christianity. Old deities are still acknowledged and respected, but not worshipped. Fijian rituals still exists in private. Demographics Of the various faiths, Christianity is the dominant belief system and ncluding all the various denominatio ns of the Christian faith they number in total 449,482. Hindus, with their various denominations, number in total 261,097. Muslims make up 54,324 of Fijis population. Followers of other belief systems make up 10,166 of Fijis population. Sports Sports culture is unique as different racial mixes and cultures come together in a common interest. Fiji is rabid about sports and the two most dominant being rugby and soccer. Traditional sports Sports in older times had a practical place, apart from recreation, helping to drive young warriors.One such practice would have the older men bring the male children a severely injured captive of war, allowing the boys to practice their archery skills against this living target. There were other sports that were practiced in older times which are not practiced now. Notable traditional sports used to be played were tiqa, ulutoa, veisaga, and veisolo. Modern sports The Fiji sevens team at the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne. Sports have develope d greatly over the past two decades in Fiji with a wide shape of sports undertaken. Fiji is most well known for its prowess in the game of rugby sum of money and in particular rugby sevens.Rugby union Rugby union is the most popular sport in Fiji. The highest level of competition is the Colonial Cup. The Fiji national rugby union team has competed in five Rugby beingness Cup competitions. The Fijian Rugby Sevens team is constantly one of the top two or three teams in the world, often the premier team. Rugby league Rugby league is a popular team sport played in Fiji. The Fiji national rugby league team is known as Fiji Bati, with the team competing in three Rugby League World Cup competitions. They made it to the semi-finals of the 2008 Rugby League World Cup. FootballFootball was a diminished sport, but over the last decade with further international funding from FIFA and sound local management of the sport has grown in popularity amongst the Indian community initially but now a lso the Fijian community. Other sports Many sports exist in Fiji and in many ways has its own cultural following, sports such as golf which has been made famous by Fiji athlete Vijay Singh. Sports such as cricket and surfing which was brought to prominence by former world admirer and Fiji athlete Tony Philips. Sailing in varying forms, various adventure sports, athletics, various Asian martial arts, boxing, and the list goes on.

Corruption Essay

Corruption Todays world problems are revolved around corruption. One of brazils biggest problems is the corruption. check to annual information Assuntos de Governanca, (Govern Discussion), published in 1996 by Banco Mundial, there is an upward trend in the index that measures the efficiency in combating corruption in Brazil. This data which assesses 212 countries and territories has shown that the corruption in Brazil has grown discontinuous since 2003. It reached its worst level in 2006. When it reached 47. on a scale of 0 of 100 (being 100 an valuation more positive). Even when Brazil is compared to other countries from South America such as Chile, Costa Rica, and Uruguay, Brazil is still leading country in corruption. another(prenominal) study made at the University of Fiesco, has shown that corruption in Brazil has cost around one to sixty-nine billions of Reals (Brazils currency). In order to solve those problems, we would ingest three main facts to try to solve this situat ion, or at least try to settle down since its a huge problem. So the frontmost main point is severe impunity to our politics corruptors.The most important problem that difficult the combat of corruption is the culture of impunity, which is still very visible in Brazil. Brazilians justice works to whoever has the most money to pay the best lawyers. This means that it does not matter what damage you have done to Brazils society, you go forth not be persecuted. In some cases, most of violators depart not stay in jail for their full amount of fourth dimension sentenced. Moreover, the fact that our politics has privilege at the forum and are judge differently from ordinary citizens, to a fault contributes to impunity.To combat corruption, we need a different rate we need a new reform administrative. Our law has to be made to protect our society equally, everybody as well as being judged exactly the comparable way. Proven corruption needs to be punished by death or life imprisonment , besides of course the immediate return of public coffers values. notwithstanding in five years, Brazil has already tallied a misuse of public funds of almost 100 billion dollar, which would be allowing investments of national reflection.This problem has to be solved immediately. A second important point to mention is how our society acts about our government. Since we already know that our government works for themselves, our society needs to opening doing something too. There are several projects that have been mentioned at the government to be accepted, but our society has an important role at this time. In order for these projects to be accepted, our population needs to work together by making protects everywhere around the country.So this way our government will feel the pressure of the population, and will know that the whole population has a voice. That they will still contribute to improve our country. Brazils population has to believe that they can do something to help, but do more than just believe they have to do it Brazils population is tired of people working for themselves, and are also tired to see that the majority of our laws do not work for everybody equally. Another aspect to look at is education.While our government is too busy stealth money from our population, our kids feel this impact at the schools. The largest chunk of the money that should be used in our kids education is going to the governments pocket. Of course who is going to suffer this situation? Our next generation of youth. With no education there is no knowledge. Whenever these kids achieve enough age to vote they will be lost and without knowing their rights. Not knowing their rights there is no way they will be able to criticize, or even claim for something in the future.Where would this world be without education? Talk about real corruption right there. But in order to solve the money issue in Brazil we need to get our priorities straight on what the money goes to, and not in our governments pockets. The education of the youth in Brazil should be the most important thing to the government, because one day they will be the leaders of this country. They need to be taught their rights and laws. To know how to be treated equal as well as be punished equally too. If the government realizes this, Brazil would not be such a corrupt place.

Economics and External Audit

As mentioned in the case study above, Kellogg is going through a challenging time. Perform an external audit on Kellogg. address the opportunities and threats facing the association. Answer Perform an external audit on Kellogg, will gain the team with better understanding of the firm industry, competitors and markets. It should involve as legion(predicate) managers and employees as possible. Before perform the audit, Kellogg must try to gather as much as possible on competitive intelligence and information slightly the products range, scale of economic, social, cultural, local political situation, legal, and technological trends.External audit staffs or manager should get strategic information update periodically by various sources much(prenominal) as such as internet, business magazine, and trade journals from stock exchange markets, newspaper, university and corporate publication. Suppliers, distributors, customers, salespersons and competitors represent also good references i nformation. Once Kellogg collected all these information, a detail study and evaluation should immediate carry out by involving a group of primordial staffs and management to identify the key threads and opportunities whitethorn occurs.Every key factor should list down and put with priority with rank from 1 for most important to 20 with least important. This ranking should conduct for both(prenominal) threat and opportunity. These external key factors may change from time to time which very much depending on the situation. Relationships with supplier or distributors are often a critical success factor. Other important variables use are include market share value, world economic environment, and engineering, price competitiveness, load interest rate, competing of same(p) range of products and sales force advantage and so on.Key external factors should be (a) Important for Kellogg to achieving annual and long-term objectives (b) applicable to all competing organization or party (c) quantitative and must be measureable (d) hierarchical which mean it may able apply across the organization but some are only for accepted department only. The finalize list must publish and well explain among the organization in order to maximize the result when execute the action items. The key clash on external factors should include both threats and opportunities. Opportunities and Threats facing by the companyThe external opportunities and threats facing by Kellogg may refer to social, economic, government, political, legal, demographic, environmental, technological, and competitive trends and events that impact the future of Kellogg. Opportunities and threats are usually difficult to control by an organization. A few opportunities and threads that face are listed here ?Cash flow and company capital may impact or affected by the credit term or bad debt by their customer or cash kick the bucket on the acquisition. ?Price competition will largely impact organization profits ma rgin since organization may offer price discount to exert the market share. Change of consumer expectation on the products. It can be technology advancement, green product, simples operation with more users friendly and so on. ?Security of information technology will be a major concern since it may be hack by hacker with more and more transactions go on-line. ?With the amplify of labor cost and processing cost, this will direct impact the commodity food prices and eventually these cost will factor in into the selling price. ? semipolitical uncertainty in Africa and Middle East causing oil prices raise which may direct impact to the manufacturing and logistic cost. Both European and United express having high underemployment and unemployment rates will direct impact the spending power. Both European and United State encounter slow in economic growth. ? ill-considered product life cycles is become a trend and organization much continuous to invent on new products by spending huge summation of capital on research and development to fulfill market need. ?Uncertain on global weather with winters are colder and summers hotter than usual which impact the growth of lands products. This factor will impact to the supply demand which will directly impact to the raw material price.

Organzational Behavior

Clarification is the first step towards understanding dynamics of battle deep down the work place. Exploring the various types of appointment should be used as a precursor to approach the differences between constructive and destructive passage of arms. Understanding how organizations can levy employee strengths under varying conditions is reinforced through good communication skills in the conflict management process. Communication emphasizes the need for self-understanding and self-management for the conflict resolution process to work.The techniques of verifying Conflict Management and Direct Conflict Management help in dealing with specific capers such as hostile individuals, personality conflicts, etc. argon best used as a guide and should not be taken literal as each individual presents varying issues. Destructive conflict works as a disadvantage to employees, groups and organizations. Destructive conflict affects group efforts needed for team building, and creates host ility resulting in a hostile environment. Constructive conflict is a beneficial factor for some organizations in which groups address issues and make decisions to provide an opportunities for improvement.Conflict-management appropriately models professional standards so that every employee whitethorn effectively promote in a professional manner appropriate for the workplace. Indirect conflict management approaches share the common quality of avoiding direct dealings with personalities. They include reduce interdependence, appeals to common goals, hierarchical referral, and alterations in the use of mythology and scripts (Schermerhorn, Hunt, & Osborn, 2008, p. 349). Reduced Interdependence creates a systematic approach by eliminating conflict by separating groups in which require inter work on.By bed cover or reducing contact with one another resolution is believed to be resolved. As an alternative to reduced interdependence another indirect approach is designate a liaison to faci litate activities among groups to smooth the process creating conflict. Conflict is given a common perspective by directing the attention towards a strain of appealing to common goals as opposed to conflict. Hierarchy referral is used to provide employees with alternatives to conflict when the appropriate steps or conflict resolution is unattainable.Providing a warmer screen, Altering scripts and Myths is utilized when resolution has been unattainable. Approaching common goals indirect conflict management uses a system of individuals in ranking positions above one another. This strategy uses a chain of command for resolutions lacking the interpersonal kind needed for team building. However, the organizational dynamics of indirect conflict can be usable when there is no direct conflict, and the plans recommended by a primary leader require guidance.Direct conflict management utilizes five methods of managing conflict smoothing or accommodation, collaboration and problem solving, compromise, avoidance, and competition and authoritative command. The five approaches to conflict management are described from the perspective of their relative emphasis on cooperativeness and assertiveness in the relationship (Schermerhorn, Hunt, & Osborn, 2008, p. 349). Maintaining working relationships, direct conflict identifies the underlying issues first proceeded by utilizing systematic actions agreeable for all parties.Smoothing requires a mediator in which allows all parties to address the issues experienced and identify the dynamics of the conflict. Accommodating gives the power to ease conflict by obliging and exploring possibilities of resolution. Smoothing and accommodating prepares and facilitates the methods of Collaboration and Problem Solving seeks true satisfaction of everyones concerns by working through differences, finding and solving problems so that everyone gains results. (Schermerhorn, Hunt, Osborn, 2008).Compromise is an essential effort in which require s an agreement of resolution without it the likelihood of conflict is possible. In a win-lose conflict some employees may still not be satisfied with the mediation in which one party submits to the compromise to avoid further conflict. Avoidance may be used when an issue is trivial, when more important issues are pressing, or when people need to cool down temporarily and regain perspective (Schermerhorn, Hunt, Osborn, 2008, p. 351).All modify information should be considered in mediation whereas some issues are personality conflicts in which do not apply to issues work related. Placing the conflicting ideas into perspective is well(predicate) at best so long as it does not pose further immediate conflict. Competition and Authoritative Command is working against the wishes of the other party, competitiveness to dominate in win-lose competition, and/or forcing things to a favorable conclusion through the exercise of authority (Schermerhorn, Hunt, Osborn, 2008, p. 49). Authoritati ve command is best utilized when immediate action is needed to firmly establish direction in conflict resolution. Understanding the mutual purpose of an organization is beneficial for teambuilding and management. Direct strategies incorporate team building to identify organizations success in business and working relationships. Firmly established leadership abilities are essential to mediate direct conflict.

Marketing Planning Consultancy Report for Fairview International

During the late nineteen nineties, a thorough strategic review of the British Junior Chamber of Commerce was conducted. It is a kind of parties and charity events Junior Rotary that has a intelligibly retro wagesl to it, one of the reasons why it had lost 80% of its members (or customers and market place sh be) over the previous 20 stratums. Its members were usu wholey in their 30s, so it was no longer junior at all alkali approach was taken by the officers of the said group while an separate(prenominal)s scarce rearranged the chairs on the deck of the titanic as the ship continued to go deck. One of the features of this organization was international twinning where the members visit friends in a foreign chamber bi-annually and vice-versa. It was proposed that the organization become a travel comp some(prenominal) primarily to instruct bands like Robbie Williams, Cold pretend and James Blunt play in other countries.Low equal flights were becoming general and if you could s tay at your twin organization members home (and they yours) you then had a very low cost international travel model with a purpose the big gig. This de passred to a rude(a)born somebodys mavin of having a good time having traveled outlying(prenominal) to rock festivals in my youth. entirely this was revolution for this retro organization whereas the more conservative members of the organization proposed an evolutionary model that was accepted. Perhaps predictably it continues to decline and I and others remain convinced that my prescription was an effective oneThe aims of the organization give way been delimit in the widest possible terms in effect fissure a service to young peck containing unfeigned features and benefits that they would instantly perceive to have value and relevance in return for a fee. It is surely obvious that any service offer has to change with the times. Welfare state spending whitethorn reduce the need for charity or terrorism the appeal of travel, never mind that, new young adult generations bequeath always expression to find new ways to irritate older nation. digital Technology has revolutionized this landscape (Generation X, 2000).In this short piece of work, I, as the consultant, challenge Fairview to look at their carrefour religious offering in the broadest possible terms too. When they use the term drama, it should simply mean fee generating play. For instance, I depend many young men (and women) in the join Kingdom would like to play for the slope soccer team.It should be fault littlely possible to design and offer a paid for interactive selective information Technology spicy where you join a team, play considerably and are transferred while you play against other teams with team members located all over the country on your mobile phone, timing runs, tackling, and making passes and shots in real time on the screen. It is this soccer offering where the United Kingdom has the scoop merchandise in the world I have focused on, as United Kingdom consumers pay to receive live soccer currently. It is both then the dominant market segment for gaming potency as well as the easiest to charge a fee for.This then should be the aim for Fairview. To understand what young tidy sum want and harness the technology to deliver a new c formerlypt that will sweep the market. This is all some distance from the traditional bookies. Fairview uses the name chain to describe this market entry. cosmic string is the right term, plainly non as in the old a chain of bookies but by building customer databases linked by profitable repeat fee base gaming interests for rapid team game building. This is as near to a mission statement as my proposal needs.ProposalWhile on the one side the United Kingdom seems a perfect place to offer gaming services as a wealthy secular modern smart secure with no overt proscriptions, the reality is that this protestant country has some of the same staff offices at play as t he puritan founders of the United States of America that influences proscriptions against gaming there. Millions of British used to admit to only gambling once a year on The National the Grand National Steeplechase.Bookies were scruffy warmer filled pits of dysfunctional people all too often Catholic immigrants from Ireland. Relatively well educated, if you look ated the British why they didnt gamble theyd say its a mugs game and get moneyed quick schemes only work for the amoral founders of the idea. They would prefer to gamble if that is the appropriate term on the stock market where legitimate gains could be made by using the tercets party services of good corporate focal point to ensure a comfortable retirement.If you look for further evidence of this, it is well known that no gambling casino will open in the United Kingdom, unless there are large numbers of potential pagan Chinese gamers living nearby. They will not get rich on United Kingdom consumers, thus whitethorn not even break even (The Independents Britains new cultural entrepreneurs, 1999)..But times change, and on the dot as the stock market now offers a diverse range of derivative instruments, so does gaming. The popularity of the side of meat autopsy League has lead to the spread betting phenomenon. If the top teams usually win, the margin of victory is far less certain and this also has lead to greater volatility and margins of gains and losses or in other word exciting risky behavior.The United States legislation against on line gaming was an initial set back as the United Kingdom found organizations were generating lot of business in for instance interactive Poker games ( flock before structures, 2000). B. But clear there now offers the same kind of opportunity for Fairview that theme cell researchers enjoy in the United Kingdoms less judgmental society in other ways, so familiar to the Ameri lots, but what exactly is it?.Technology has changed consumer markets especially for young people fundamentally. quick in a poor third world town in a poor third world country there are dozens of net income shops catering for young males who want to play on line. The cell phone here predominates and conversations have to be broken mid sentence to kick downstairs the phone its precedence. These are new networks just waiting to be more completely, competently and commercially exploited.In the United Kingdom, most homes have internet cable bundled with telephony too and children dominate their use. For those who think that the internet is a marvelous utility for expanding the mind with information, the reality is that it is pornography that dominates commercial trans runs on the web. People are quite happy to sign up to a site that suits their switch onual taste and this has hastened the dying of the printed word if pornographic magazines were more likely to venerate the picture rather than the accompanying narrative. This all simply demonstrates that people will pay a fee to use IT if you give them what they really want, in this instance, sexTo refer back to my opening, I realized that the Junior Chamber had other problems too in gaining new young members. People often didnt want to send away or so to get together any more, given the twin threats of urbanization traffic clog and personal security threats. At their office was the specimen tool to blog instead.Tools like Microsoft Messenger meant that you could now have an interactive real time conversation. hyperkinetic syndrome a web cam and this is the modern equivalent of the whist drive or poker games my parents generation but enjoyed without the need for a meeting place. Property in the rich and crowded island that is the United Kingdom is notoriously expensive to buy or rent. How very convenientThe question then to ask is, given this new digital societies range of extensive interactive tools, what will the young people go onto once they tire of their mostly violent and speedy game s? Gaming defined as a challenger where you place a stake and back your skill has to be the obvious move once these kids are working and have more money in their pocket. The opportunity is obvious. But will Fairview be sufficiently visionary to spend marketing resources on creating this market?To do this, their initial key goals will acknowledge setting up the soft infrastructure. They will have to work with key influencers (for instance game designers) and agents (like MySpace) and the Premier Football League as well as build a formidable technical offering, but they will be pushing against an open door in terms of consumer desires.They must design a proprietary brand and a tightly drawn patent to protect themselves at least at the outset for competition, unless they are not prepared to spend enough marketing funds on this to go it alone and would rather share the burden with competitors in the hope that there is enough business to bear everyone happy.Observe the slope soccer o n Star Sports in Asia. It will be noticed that they influence customer to use their cell phones to make score predictions and so of bank line can build up a data base of cell phone numbers that send the predictions in. Many of these Asian English soccer fans have never been to a real English game. They are a perfect channelise to form virtual soccer team similarly with the virtual manager games. In a sense Star Sports and its competitors are ahead of the game but they dont recognize what theyve got yet nor how best they can leverage it.When the term clicks and mortar was first coined in the nineteen nineties it seemed pretentious, but in fact it was right on the money. It seemed that consumers wouldnt buy some things unless theyd seen them first. The feel of something is important. It transpired that amazon were very good at selling Information Technology, books and records all not particularly visual or tactile and we would buy holidays and flights on the net for the same reaso ns, but when for instance it came to clothes, a regional superstore may be needed to view the goods closer at hand.Since that time memory has got cheaper and virtual reality less virtual, and this has become a little less of an obstacle. What about the social environment though?. People will be free to play these games in public arenas with adjacent fellow players. It just need not be that way.Of range, younger people have sometimes never even thought about this although malls around the world seem to still be full of them. There is evidence too that many people gravitate towards social situations such as the bookies provides. Where then in the product offering should we place these components? It seems to me that an internet gaming company should product test a real life regular(a) forum for their customers.An organization was set up by Tony Blair, the former United Kingdom Prime take cares advisor on future policy trends called DEMOS. It was a centre left policy think tank. Mos t of the action was in far away London but once a year they would hold an event in the north in Liverpool. It is this kind of customer sensitivity that internet offerings have to master, designed as they all too often are by tech geeks who are rarely people persons. An annual conference of soccer gamers could be highly viable and entertaining for them off season.In one article by Demos, they put the spotlight on Generation X the first internet generation to reach adulthood. This was in some ways a fundamentally different generation. They were found to be the first generation that had synthesized their social needs inside their heads and home, whereas previous young adults would head off down the pub. The bedroom of the average young person in the United Kingdom is now an entertainment and conference zone, a little like the bridge of Star TrekThe recent purchases of social networks like that of MySpace by Google tells us something about their utility for attractive targeting both b y advertisers and the future tech offerings that Google is rumored to be announcing before long in the cellular communication area. So far I have mostly referred to the internet, but clearly relatively few people can receive this via 3G right now and these services are expensive (but there is an opportunity there for Fairview too).It is clear that in the technical mix a formidable proactive customer services 2G offering should be launched as well, as we all know that these 2 and 3 G phones are no longer just phones but in some way an concomitant of the identity of the individual.Where this would all lead in terms of software product development I dont have the expertise to predict, but Fairview would surely need their own in house team of software developers. Opportunities for as ubiquitous a product as interactive soccer would clearly show themselves promptly in both mainland Europe and South America where soccer is king, and later, globallyThe beauty of technology of course is that this can be all run from just one location. Adjacent opportunities will be useable too for the skill and experience built by the Information Technology department to be apply elsewhere. There are many customer services functions in the United Kingdom where good provide could be poached for a more interesting jobThis leads to the subject of Brand. Clearly few can tell the Americans anything about brand building. In consumer markets, brand is king and so internet and 2G advertising with product offers would be essential. I repeat that endorsements by top soccer players of the interactive paid for soccer gaming would too be essential if that were part of the offer. It should too watch how Google addresses the market in its next move as that organization seems to have a good feel for the youth/it/ commercial landscapeThe action and execution plan would be carried out most effectively by well trained and prompt new young people to Fairview that have bought into this concept as th ey will sell/merchandise it with real enthusiasm at retail software purchase points. This will be a sales force with all the traditional activity goals, daily targeting and so on A key account manager will set up the contacts with the key partners MySpace, YouTube, etc. and Star Sports and the Premier League to set up the manner of speaking networks, but it will be the marketers that will likely make the most impact by leaflets in the appropriate magazines, advertising boards at soccer grounds, cell phone text message advertising etc.A pre offer tease roadside board adverting campaign could be useful but as this will be a tech offering a key initial task would be to build a potential fee gamers data base by garnering cell phone responses to advertising. The mine of this cell phone response consumer data base should be a key task of an in house customer services team with specific goals to be achieved.ConclusionIt can be cerebrate from the evidence to a higher place is that ther e is a real opportunity to move things on commercially in the tech gaming space and thereby move away from the traditional bricks and mortar gaming concept. This is of course already well under way, but the surface is only being scratched in terms of potential as large sections of the community dont game (gamble) at all as the offer has yet to be put in the right way.This is the right way and indeed many of the tools look already to be in place, if greater use of 3G would be a slight advantage. Much of the above proposal is already out there like United States interactive basketball and Im sure that Fairview know this, but they could crucially deepen the level of interactivity with a virtual FA Cup play by thousands around the world with a trophy handed to the winners before the real FA Cup articulated lorry Final and real players guesting on line in teams.This hype or real celebrity based excitement, a mix of reality TV and virtual reality could gain many millions of subscribers pa ying per game regularly on line, or even women (or men) aspiring to dinner with David Beckham, indeed make such a sea change in the commercializing of ITC that this becomes a legendary breaking of the mould enterprise, the final straw that heart-to-heart the door for a fee based gaming enterprise to clean up. It simply mud then to be seen whether they will have both the vision and resources to turn this into such a paying(a) reality that one day soon it will be as playing a diametric role in redesigning post modern civil society as well.ReferencesGeneration X Demos UK 2000Handbook. 2007. http//www.rjca.org.uk/docs/Handbook_A.pdfPeople before structures Demos UK 2000The Independents Britains new cultural entrepreneurs Demos UK 1999

Cultural Difference Essay

equal and Contrast the Poetry of James Berry and John Betjeman, with particular reference to the Cultural Differences. Refer to at Least two Poems by each PoetJames Berrys verse forms are written from the locating of a lady named Lucy. Lucy moved to England because she had heard the streets were practically paved with gold t here. She pens letters to her friend Leela in the form of poems. Lucy regrets her move to England in a lot of shipway and finds it gloomy and cold.She misses Jamaica and doesnt truly like capital of the United Kingdom but she is too proud to admit that, so her letters also block a number of positive yet vain sounding points about the advantages of living in England, such as, An doctors free. Lucy writes of how she has, turned a battery hen, in the poem Lucys letters because she feels trapped in London. She was use to a relaxed and golden way of life in Jamaica so the culture in London came as a big shock to her. London is a lot bigger and much less frie ndly than Jamaica. In Jamaica everyone k without delays each other so Leela asked Lucy in a letter to her if shed ever met the Queen. Lucy is apply to the unspoilt beauty of the Jamaican scenery so London comes as a big change. She describes it to Leela asA parishOf a pasture-lan whatGrown crisscross streets.In Jamaica Lucy could leave her door unlocked but write of how she cant do that in LondonI carry keys everywhereLife heres no opensummer.She sees the lifestyle as monotonous because every day seems the same. She feels in some ways that she doesnt really belong in London. In the poem From Lucy Englan Lady she describes the Queen as macrocosm, care she a space touris, because she is somewhat alienated from the rest of the population. Lucy feels she can relate to her because she feels alienated too. Lucy ends the poem with the Jamaican proverb, Bird sing sweet for its nest, meaning you should stick to what youre suited to.When Lucy travels back to Jamaica, she realises it has ch anged and nothing is as she remembered it. She is glad to come back but feels she doesnt really belong there either anymore. around things like the sun, the sea and the fruit they eat hasnt changedI eat a mango under(a) treeA soursop ripened for meA pawpaw kept.She appreciates the sun more aft(prenominal) universe in London for so long as well and she is pleased these things are as she remembered them. The beautify has changed but more importantly, the people have too. Everyone she knew has changed and she is no longer friend with everyone. She writes about her holiday in the poem From Lucy Holiday ReflectionsI seePuppa is bones in the groun,Mumma cant see to burn up mountnLan.She knew her founding father was dead but it doesnt really hit kinsfolk until she sees it for herself because in her mind he was still alive. She uses personification when describing the landscape, writing, Big fig tree gone as ghost. The one thing that hasnt really changed is Leela who is just as she remembered her. She is glad they are still friends though, compensate though Lucy has changed, finishing the poem by writingToo many sea waves passed betweenUs, chile. Let us remind the other,Length of time gets length of rope buried.Betjemans poems are named after counties and describe the country lifestyle he was used to when he was younger. His county poems are written in two contrasting sections. In the poem Hertfordshire Betjeman writes of how he was made to join his fathers shooting syndicate. His father thought he was a milksop after he accidentally fired a gas pedal into the ground, sayingHow many times must I explain?The way a boy should expect a gun?In the second half of the poem, Betjeman writes of how that large, open countryside has been replaced with rows of identical and box-like houses. He writes of how the old heartless churches and thatched cottages look, strange and ill. He sums this up by writing, One cant be sure where London ends, this relates to an earlier line in the poem, naming villages that used to be miles away from London which are now part of it. It caused his father great unhinge to see his son couldnt shoot, which contrasts greatly with the happy kind between Leela and Lucy in Berrys poetry. Betjeman ends the poem with the wordsFar more would these have caused him painThan my mishandling of a gun.This mean even though he was upset that his son couldnt shoot, it would have garbled his heart to see the Hertfordshire countryside had been urbanised. It is also ironic that the ones who appreciated it were also the ones who destroyed it for the next generation.In the poem Essex, Betjeman writes as he looks at a colour plate book. The book contains pictures of Edwardian England. Betjeman describes it as beingLike Streams the little by-roads runThrough oats and barley round a hillTo where blue willows elate the sunBy some white weathered boarded mill.

Personal experience at Real Estate Development and Investment Essay

It was either to be a blessing or cursing. I had just come from the university as a fresh graduate. Job insecurity is a thing that sends chills of agitate down the spine of severally graduate. Thank goodness this never happened with me but a new challenge was ahead. The firm which I was operating was quite meticulous in its activities was I to be their down egest as an omen of failure. No certainly I must work breath out of me to patronage or in time improve if thither was anything to improve. The workplace was the carrot to reward my personal and professional organic evolution or a cane to spank my etiquettes.This was what I was up to when I joined the Real landed estate Development and Investment, in dinero. In customer care office, on that point were new and old problems which were brought to our attention by the clients. This is when I recognized the question which was posed to me during the interview. The question was what I would do if the length of my tie varies int erchangeably during the course of wearing it. Certainly here I was dealing with two anti-parallel problems brought forward by the clients. there were those who wanted new re placementntial houses period there were those in pursuit of selling their houses.With m, I believed that my firm performance would improve. I remember the day a client came complaining we have delayed to abide by a potential buyer of her house. The brothel keeper was pugnant and cantankerous in her behavior. Not a single get along she would hear. I was perplexed because I was new and such an solution would only be averting from attention her problems. Certainly, customers are kings and should be attended to regardless on who first dealt with him/her. After all will s/he have to go home and wait till who attended him/her come? No this would be suicidal to the crinkle.So here I was juxtaposed between a rock and a grueling place. The nurture which I had acquainted myself with was the only arrow in the q uiver. Now I had to give an answer for unfamiliar situations and conclusion on the problem raised by the client. To start with I answered that there was already a willing buyer but what he was offering was meager amount and thus we never saw the need to inform her. This was after realizing from her pass that the lady came from California. It was plausible that the house was in Chicago and not California and apparently the cheapest house was selling at $ 210,000.Therefore, by excusing the house was bargained at $ 110,000, the lady will accept that certainly this was cheap and not worth to inform her of such a buyer. Luckily, it sullen that what I had said was the case although I had not dome an empirical enquiry on what had happened. pulp this is learnt that its appropriate to give wrong information than no answer to the client as it would shape up rude. Barely a week was not over and there was a crisis. The manager who assisted me to sacrosanct the placement at Real Estate Inves tment Development was linked to a corruption scandal in the organization.So bad for those were affiliated to him. The company decided to pay them prior to sacking them. I merely escaped the crack of whip which was lashing over the innocent and those assumed to be guilty. It was a hectic time trying to convince the management that I was not involved in the graft. Were it not for the quality work that I was delivering to the customers, I would have disappeared together with the rest. The customers complained bitterly of losing an agile and kindhearted official. Besides, everything I did was in accordance to the stipulated rules of the company.Other worker also considered me friendly and my latency was shown through teamwork. capital of Mississippi, whenever we meet considers that I came to replace him therefore it was better not to have considered my request. However, we dress ourselves laughing at the idea it was want a substitution reaction which we had earlier learnt in organic chemistry. The firm was behaving like alkanes it functions by substitute what it previously had. The week days were exceptionally busy for me. I had to equip myself with the current changes in business trends.Changes that are inevitably setting in with advent of technologies were lookore to the conservatives but an impetus to the radical. At lunch break, 15 minutes I would spare to browse in the internet and peruse on books so as to keep abreast with changes taking place. My food I would take as if I was in a food eating competition. Two to three spoons were enough to summarize the heap of food lying out front me. It was quite symbolical that for any firm to succeed must seize the opportunities as they come just as I was gulping at the food.In the afternoon long queues of people I would find awaiting me as if I was God and on mission to rescue them from Satan. In this case the Satan was fiscal issues. It was crystal clear that less time was required for each client and at the sa me time ensuring that a comprehensive and satisfactory answer is given. Most clients were eager to know the factors which they should put into consideration while investing in real estates. Though the factors appear to be obvious, I had to put them in a counselling they appear new to the clients ear.To start with, I would give a introduce of what a good investment would include while enlisting the factors to consider. Through this short encounter with customers, there was what I would call resonance transfer of information. I would make sure the client and I resonate at the same frequency and phase. Anything beyond my scope I would simply seek the information over it for the customers. Real Estate Investment Development was like the components of the table salt how they complement each other. During the course of my internship, I was also experienced the leadership vacuum which arose after summary dismissal of my friend.Jackson even though he had a lot of wiles which led him to ru b the management the wrong side he had the potential to handle any difficulties which emerged. For example, there was no one who was directly responsible for the proceeding of the business. The Real Investment Development was using other firms to do their advertisement and the profit leapt was divided concord to the proportion of their contribution. The human activity of new customers dwindled since they feared joining a corporation where you dont know who is in truth in control.Collective responsibility cannot fully be trusted since there vices such as cave still exist. Attempts to increase the number of directors only increased the cost of management and had little change if any. At Real Estate Investment Development, the number of ladies was more than the number of gentlemen. This though was not meant to be a problem turned out to be a problem. A competition arose among the ladies over men. The dressing cypher was the most falled. The skirts were shortened by quite a large number. Some were the length of a bow-tie and others were as transparent as a crystal.As if this was not the only problem, the shoes were irritating to the ears as they act to attract the attention of the men. It was a wake up call of sort, trying to wake men from the cocoon of fleeing form ladies for lack of wooing words. The administration tried to address the problem of Lorita but this never changed the situation. Moreover, the number of absentees increased due to feministic issues which are inevitable. At first I thought the problem was not to affect me. My belief is that a seed needs decomposing materials to germinate.In this case, I was the germinating seed and the ladies the decomposing materials. In the office I was located at the corner at the desk and a lady was located opposite to my desk. This is where the drama started. The way she sat was embarrassing. Thighs ajar and a finger placidly put between the slit on her deficient dress. This sometimes made my brain go blank as I found myself carried into nitty gritty of even knowing the weekly series of her knickers. This lass was quite provocative besides teasing her wanton eyes and leg theatrics as a seductress lady.At one time she made the boss to suspect there was a beef as she was mostly found reeling on my desk with her merely chest protruding forward. The uttermost experience which I cannot forget was the amount of work. The work was quite exhausting. The number of clients attended to were quite umpteen and the number of staff was a few. All days we were busy searching from the internet for information, replying some emails from clients or discussing with the clients in the office. Within a month my weigh had decreased by two kilograms the exact cast stipulated by physician for the AIDS sufferers. In fact I had to be examined to know my status.

Proper Role of Government

Describe the organisation and domestic environment of the awkward where your company is levelquartered, then describe the international environment. Outline what organizations you may be associated with. (Example WTO, OPEC, etc. ) Examine the 1st republic of International growth you outlined in your 10 social class vision. Why did you strategically select that country? In what ways will your company contribute to the unusual countrys economic development? Are there any political concerns associated with expansion into this country? Why or why not? How do you plan to develop a good working relationship with the foreign country?Government Regulation on Media in AmericaPut together a fancy up analysis for your company. (This is considered an exhibit) Put together a PEST outline (exhibit) for the country you identified as the country into which your initial global expansion will take place. While maintaining its relationship with the United States, lacquer has modify and expand ed ties with other nations. Having good relations with its neighbors can be a vital interest. Japan lengthy significant economic assistance to the Chinese in various modernization projects and supported Chinese rank and file in the World Trade Organization (WTO). AIG Japan contains in depth information and data virtually the company and its operations. The company contains an overview, business description, financial ratios, SWOT analysis, key competitors, key facts, key employees, locations and branches as nearly as information on products and services. The SWOT analysis the company profile can be life-and-death for the industry executives and any unity looking to gain a better understanding of the companys business. So, the SWOT Analysis utilizes a wide range of primary and secondary sources.As learned from reading the chapters and from the PowerPoint slides, SWOT is an abbreviation for the inseparable Strengths and Weaknesses of a firm and the environmental Opportunities an d Treats facing that firm. SWOT analysis is a widely used technique through which managers create a quick overview of a companys strategic situation. The technique is ground on the traditions that an effective strategy derives from a sound fit between a firms internal resources (strengths and weaknesses) and its external situation (opportunities and treats). A good fit maximizes a firms strengths and opportunities and minimizes its weaknesses and threats.Accurately applied, this fair assumption has powerful implications for the design of successful strategy. AIG (American International Group) is one of the worlds leading policy and financial services organizations, with operations in more than 130 countries. With a market capitalization of equivalent $200 billion, AIG is like in the top ten most company in the world. AIGs subsidiaries ar leading providers of retirement services, financial services and summation management around the world. The group was the second largest res titution group in the world after China Life Insurance.SWOT (Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) Location Types of Factor Favorable disapproving Internal Strength * Global leading provider of financial services * Expanding global reach * modify product portfolio and new product development * Corporate advertising and brand building sponsorships Weaknesses * US residential mortgage market exposure * History of regulatory investigations * Declining cost efficiencies External Opportunities * Acquisitions * Growth in asset management industry Threats * US recession and volatility in financial markets * Industry consolidationJapan has faced a number of external challenges over the long term, most of which relate to the rising magnificence of China and the associated threat to Japans pre-eminent political and economic position in the Asia region. The countrys long-term outlook is also powerfully influenced by its demographics. Current trends indicate that the rate of de cline in the working-age population will outpace that in the population as a whole. On the positive side, in 2021-30 Japan will see an change magnitude in its rate of GDP growth per head to 1. 7% a year, from around 1% a year in the first two decades of the century.Productivity growth will also accelerate in the last mentioned part of the long-term forecast period. The environment has some current issues with the air pollution from power establish emissions results in acid rain acidification of lakes and reservoirs degrading water quality and threatening aquatic life. Japan is one of the largest consumers of fish and tropical timber. 2012-20 2021-30 2012-30 Growth and productivity (% change annual av) Growth of real GDP per head 1. 5 1. 7 1. 6 Growth of real GDP 1. 0 1. 0 1. 0 excavate productivity growth 1. 9 1. 8 1. 8

Planning and Decision Making Essay

Planning and ratiocination-making are circumstantial processes for effective police force administration because (1) supply is the first step to the effective operation and good attention of a police department (2) planning is the essential element of decision making (3) effective planning passel eliminate or reduce potential catastrophe resulting from manmade and natural disasters (4) decision making can usually be described in three types of theoretical models rational, incremental, and heuristic none of which defines all of the elements and factors that advert every decision(5) the decisions individuals make during crisis situations often define their leadership abilities and, in some cases, their career triumph (6) police administrators rarely act alone and most decision making within a police department is conducted at the group level and (7) decision making is rarely perfect, and is often marred by individual and group weakness that can be identified and hence, avoided. (Swanson, 2012)Yes I agree on my proceeds with what the author is talking about, because planning and decision making from personal experience is very big. Making decision is very stressful at times that will lead to depression that comes with giving up and licking that might makes you uncertain of making the best choice. Planning is the most basic function of management. It preceded other functions because a manager plans before he acts. Planning involves determination the objectives and selecting courses of action that will lead to the achievement of predetermine objectives. I dont like to plan because I get over my head, and too wound up and cant wait for the day to come.